With rapid societal and economic development, the environmental and health impacts of air pollution have become increasingly critical. As populations age and chronic diseases rise, addressing the health challenges of older adults is an urgent priority. The elderly, as a vulnerable demographic, are particularly susceptible to air pollution's adverse effects, posing significant challenges to sustainable societal development. Studies link air pollution to respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD, as well as cognitive decline, highlighting its long-term health risks. Regional pollution cooperation has proven effective in reducing pollutant levels, improving air quality, and benefiting public health, especially for vulnerable groups. This study employs longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and a Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach to evaluate the impact of joint air pollution control policies on elderly health and the mechanisms involved. Results show that these policies significantly improve health outcomes, with a regression coefficient of 0.0222 (p<0.05). Effects are more pronounced in rural areas (coefficient 0.0218, p<0.05), high-income groups (coefficient 0.0217, p<0.05), and regions with advanced digital infrastructure (coefficient 0.0181, p<0.10). Mechanistic analyses indicate that the policies enhance health by reducing PM2.5 levels and respiratory diseases (p<0.01). The study highlights the need for a multi-stakeholder approach, emphasizing regional coordination, technological innovation, and targeted support for vulnerable groups. Strengthening digital infrastructure and integrating international best practices are vital for inclusive and sustainable health outcomes for the elderly.