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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Camel Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite as Green Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye
1
Department of Chemistry, College of science and art in Sharurah, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-12-15
Final revision date: 2025-04-13
Acceptance date: 2025-06-27
Online publication date: 2025-08-08
Corresponding author
Raiedhah Abdullah Alsaiari
Department of Chemistry, College of science and art in Sharurah, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
Department of Chemistry, College of science and art in Sharurah, Najran University, Saudi Arabia
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study explores the feasibility of using camel bone-derived hydroxyapatite as a cost-effective
adsorbent for removing methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was synthesized
through calcination and characterized using BET, XRD, and TEM, confirming its crystalline structure
and porous surface. Adsorption performance was evaluated under varying conditions, including contact
time, adsorbent dosage, and dye concentration. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be
23 mg/g, following the Langmuir isotherm model (R² = 0.9894), confirming monolayer adsorption.
Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model, with a rate
constant of 0.0021 g/mg·min and an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 23.15 mg/g. Thermodynamic
parameters revealed an endothermic process (ΔH = 16614J/mol) driven by entropy gain (ΔS° = 64 J/mol·K)
and spontaneous adsorption as reflected by negative ΔG° values (-9826 J/mol to -12066 J/mol in the
temperature range of 303-363 K). The material maintained high efficiency across multiple reuse
cycles, with 98% removal efficiency at an optimized temperature of 50ºC, highlighting its potential for
sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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