This study utilizes data spanning from 2016 to 2022 concerning Chinese national forest parks
and the macro-level data of their respective cities. Employing panel data methodology and selecting
forest park tourism revenue and total visitor numbers as indicators, the research aims to gauge the
development of forest tourism. The investigation employs a panel model with individual and time-fixed
effects to examine the impacts of four key environmental improvement indicators on forest tourism
development. The findings reveal that soil quality indicators exhibit no significant influence on forest
tourism revenue and attendance. Conversely, air quality and water quality indicators demonstrate
a significant positive impact on both tourism revenue and attendance in forest parks. The biodiversity
indicator notably influences tourist numbers positively but has no significant effect on tourism revenue.
Furthermore, the study uncovers pronounced heterogeneity in the impacts of different environmental
improvement indicators on forest tourism across various grades and regions of forest parks. Noteworthy
variations are also identified in the impacts of these indicators on tourism revenue and attendance
within national forest parks. This research contributes valuable insights into the nuanced relationships
between environmental improvements and forest tourism, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies
based on the heterogeneity observed among different forest park grades and regions. Furthermore,
the study uncovers pronounced heterogeneity in the impacts of different environmental improvement
indicators on forest tourism across various grades and regions of forest parks. Noteworthy variations
are also identified in the impacts of these indicators on tourism revenue and attendance within national
forest parks. This research contributes valuable insights into the nuanced relationships between
environmental improvements and forest tourism, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies based on
the heterogeneity observed among different forest park grades and regions.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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