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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect of Different Fruit Peel Extracts to Evaluate
the Growth, Physiological, and Anatomical
Characters of Two Bitter Gourd
(Momordica charantia L.) Varieties
1
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
2
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
3
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University,
P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
4
EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab.; Agriculture Botany Department Faculty
of Agriculture, Kafr-el-sheikh University, 33516, Egypt
5
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
6
School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 453003 Xinxiang, Henan, China
7
Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Submission date: 2024-04-08
Final revision date: 2024-10-03
Acceptance date: 2024-11-07
Online publication date: 2025-01-29
Publication date: 2026-01-29
Corresponding author
Aasma Tufail
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(1):185-196
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Fruit peels are considered solid waste in many countries despite being organic waste that includes
many beneficial nutrients for plant growth and development. The present study deals with the effect
of the application of different fruit peels on the growth and anatomical features of two bitter gourd
(Momordica charantia L.) varieties. For this, the pot experiment comprised six treatments, i.e., control,
Banana Peel Extract (BPE), Tomato Peel Extract (TPE), Pomegranate Peel Extract (PPE), Orange
Peel Extract (OPE), and MAPE (Mixture of All Peel Extract), which were applied to growing plants
after a few days of germination. Their results showed that BPE application increased the plant height
(61.31% and 54.04%) and shoot fresh weight (80.67% and 68.4%) in Aswad and Long Fsd, respectively.
On the other hand, OPE application in Aswad and TPE in Long Fsd enhanced stem epidermal cell area
(88.51% and 99.5%), xylem cell area (99.61% and 99.81%), and phloem cell area (95.27% and 99.92%),
while BPE application in Aswad and MPE in Long Fsd improved root radius (17.22% and 21.87%)
and cortical thickness (14.37% and 23.22%), respectively. Among all treatments, BPE and OPE showed
their maximum effect in both varieties. Overall, Aswad performed better than Long Fsd.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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