About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Ownership and Management Statement
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed by
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Publication Frequency
Revenue Sources & Business Model
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Instructions for Authors
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
Archive
Publication Fees
Copyright & Licensing
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Potential of
Cymbopogon citratus-Mediated Biosynthesized
Strontium Oxide Nanoparticles
1
Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200,
Pakistan
2
Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information
Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
3
Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University) Lahore 54600, Pakistan
4
Department of Zoology, University of Mianwali, 42200, Pakistan
5
Department of Chemistry, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus, Pakistan
6
Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
7
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, `Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
8
Director of Research Engineering (Penryn Campus), Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter,
Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9FE, UK
Submission date: 2024-09-11
Final revision date: 2024-12-16
Acceptance date: 2025-06-10
Online publication date: 2025-09-15
Corresponding author
Shabbir Hussain
Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Strontium-based nanoparticles (NPs) find applications in energy storage, electronics, optoelectronic
devices, lightning, FETs, LEDs, television screens, display units, fabrication of sensors, wastewater
treatment, vehicles of space and navigation, remote weather stations, and in the field of medicine
(antibacterial agents, tissue engineering, orthopedics, bone regeneration, bone health, and in the
treatment of osteoporosis, etc.). Recently, plant-mediated green synthesis of NPs has gained significant
attention due to its eco-friendly, sustainable, and cost-effective approach. The green production of
strontium oxide (SrO) NPs is rarely reported in earlier literature, which is the focus of the current study.
We synthesized SrOaq and SrOet NPs by utilizing the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cymbopogon
citratus (lemon grass). The synthesized NPs were analyzed by FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and UVvisible
spectroscopies. FTIR analysis showed the presence of organic moieties and characteristic Sr-O
bands. UV-visible spectroscopy displayed an absorption peak at 298 and 298.9 nm in SrOaq and SrOet,
respectively. SrOet exhibited a smaller band gap (4.25 eV) than SrOaq (4.47 eV). The synthesized NPs possessed well-defined crystalline structures and exhibited good electrocatalytic performance for water
splitting. SrOet was found to be a more effectual electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER)
and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) due to its higher electrochemically active surface area (EASA)
and smaller charge transfer resistance (Rct = 60Ω) than those of SrOaq. The investigated NPs displayed
promising redox behavior, charge storage capacity, and catalytic efficiency, highlighting their potential
usage in energy storage and electrocatalytic water splitting.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
SUHAG D., THAKUR P., THAKUR A. Introduction to nanotechnology. In: Integrated Nanomaterials and their Applications, Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-98....
2.
KIRAN A., HUSSAIN S., AHMAD I., IMRAN M., SAQIB M., PARVEEN B., MUNAWAR K.S., MNIF W., AL HUWAYZ M., ALWADAI N. Green synthesis of NiO and NiO@ graphene oxide nanomaterials using Elettaria cardamomum leaves: Structural and electrochemical studies. Heliyon. 10 (20), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heli....
3.
ALI K.S., SHAH K.H., ASIF H.M., KHAN M.A., HUSSAIN S., TARIQ M. Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalytic and Antimicrobial Potential of Pr2O3/ZnO/gC3N4 Nanocomposite. International Journal of Environmental Research. 18 (4), 66, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41742....
4.
ALI K.S., ZAHOOR M.S., TARIQ M., ASIF H.M., HUSSAIN S., SHIRAZI J.H. Reduced graphene oxide with La@Co3O4 and La@CdO nanocomposite based sensors: synthesis, characterization and NO2 sensing properties. Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society. 21 (8), 2067, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738....
5.
JAVED M., HUSSAIN S., RIAZ M., ASGHAR A., SYED S., BARKAAT S., SULEMAN M., IDREES M., ASHRAF F., FAIZAN M. Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles derived from chitosan-based biopolymer; their photocatalytic and anti-termite potential. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures. 16 (4), 1607, 2021. https://doi.org/10.15251/DJNB.....
6.
BIBI F., AHMAD I., HUSSAIN S., IBRAHIM M. Synergistic effect of graphene oxide and silica nanocomposites towards multifunctional biomedical applications. Ceramics International. 24, 53319, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cera....
7.
HUSSAIN S., ASLAM A., TAJAMMAL A., OTHMAN F., MUSTAFA Z., ALSUHAIBANI A.M., REFAT M.S., SHAHID M., SAGIR M., ZAKARIA Z.A. Tagetes erecta-Mediated Biosynthesis of Mn3O4 Nanoparticles: Structural, Electrochemical, and Biological Investigations. ACS Omega. 9 (33), 35408, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsome....
8.
IQBAL M., MUNEER M., RAZA R., SALEEM M., HUSSAIN S., REHMAN Z.U., ABBAS F., ALI S., JAVED M.A., HUSSAIN M. Recycling of lead from lead acid battery to form composite material as an anode for low temperature solid oxide fuel cell. Materials Today Energy. 16, 100418, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mten....
9.
RAZA M.W., KIRAN S., RAZAQ A., IQBAL M.F., HASSAN A., HUSSAIN S., ASHIQ M.N., MENG Z. Strategy to enhance the electrochemical characteristics of lanthanum sulfide nanorods for supercapacitor applications. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 23, 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051....
10.
TAHIRA M., BATOOL F., NOREEN S., MUSTAQEEM M., MUNAWAR K.S., KANWAL S., SHAHBAZ K., ARSHAD A., ALI H.M. Unlocking the potential of de-oiled seeds of Citrus sinensis loaded with metal nanoparticles for Congo red degradation and removal: a green water treatment strategy with bibliometric analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. 8, 1430624, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.....
11.
ULLAH H., ALOMAR T.S., HUSSAIN S., SHEHZAD F.K., MUNAWAR K.S., ALMASOUD N., AMMAR M., ASIF H.M., SOHAIL M., AJMAL M. Polyoxometalate based ionic liquids reinforced on magnetic nanoparticles: A sustainable solution for microplastics and heavy metal ions elimination from water. Microchemical Journal. 204, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micr....
12.
SENTHILKUMAR V., NISHA S., SARAVANAN M. A Review on Strontium Oxide Nanoparticles. World News of Natural Sciences. 50, 147, 2023.
13.
KOŁODZIEJSKA B., STĘPIEŃ N., KOLMAS J. The influence of strontium on bone tissue metabolism and its application in osteoporosis treatment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 22 (12), 6564, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22....
14.
MUKHERJEE S., MISHRA M. Application of strontium-based nanoparticles in medicine and environmental sciences. Nanotechnology for Environmental Engineering. 6 (2), 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204....
15.
RAFIQUE S., HUSSAIN S., AHMAD M., AMJAD M. Syntheses, characterization and applications of silver nanoparticles. Journal of Chemical Research Advances. 2 (2), 20, 2021.
16.
PALANISAMY M., KALIYANNAN G.V., KUMAR H.M. Inorganic materials and their processing techniques. In: Materials for Solar Energy Conversion: Materials, Methods and Applications, chapter 8, p. 189, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/978111....
17.
YING S., GUAN Z., OFOEGBU P.C., CLUBB P., RICO C., HE F., HONG J. Green synthesis of nanoparticles: Current developments and limitations. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 26, 102336, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.....
18.
HUSSAIN S., ALI MUAZZAM M., AHMED M., AHMAD M., MUSTAFA Z., MURTAZA S., ALI J., IBRAR M., SHAHID M., IMRAN M. Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Acacia nilotica leaf extracts and investigation of their electrochemical and biological properties. Journal of Taibah University for Science. 17 (1), 2170162, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1080/165836....
19.
YASMEEN G., HUSSAIN S., TAJAMMAL A., MUSTAFA Z., SAGIR M., SHAHID M., IBRAR M., ELQAHTANI Z.M., IQBAL M. Green Synthesis of Cr2O3 Nanoparticles by Cassia Fistula, their Electrochemical and Antibacterial Potential. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 16, 104912, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arab....
20.
ANBU P., GOPINATH S.C., SALIMI M.N., LETCHUMANAN I., SUBRAMANIAM S. Green synthesized strontium oxide nanoparticles by Elodea canadensis extract and their antibacterial activity. Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry. 12 (3), 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097....
21.
APSANA G., GEORGE P., DEVANNA N., YUVASRAVANA R. Biomimetic synthesis and antibacterial properties of strontium oxide nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research. 11, 384, 2018. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr....
22.
SHIMI A.K., PARVATHIRAJ C., KUMARI S., DALAL J., KUMAR V., WABAIDUR S.M., ALOTHMAN Z.A. Green synthesis of SrO nanoparticles using leaf extract of Albizia julibrissin and its recyclable photocatalytic activity: an eco-friendly approach for treatment of industrial wastewater. Environmental Science: Advances. 1 (5), 849, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2VA00....
23.
GUNGOR A.A., NADAROGLU H., GULTEKIN D.D. Synthesis and characterization of nano-strontium oxide (SrO) Using erzincan cimin grape (Vitis vinifera, Cimin). Chemical Science International Journal. 26, 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.9734/CSJI/2....
24.
HUSSAIN S., ZAHID A., IMRAN M., MASSEY S., RIAZ M., SAGIR M., SHAHID M., MNIF W., IQBAL S., IQBAL M. Unveiling the chemical profile, synergistic antibacterial and hemolytic effects of Cymbopogon citratus and Tachyspermum ammi leaves. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology. 58, 103221, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab....
25.
SARMIN S., ETHIRAJ B., TAREK M., RENGARAJU B., KARIM K., ONG H., ABDULLAH H., KHAN M. Palm oil derived alkyd resin synthesis catalyzed by SrO/Sr(OH)2 nanoparticles. Journal of Critical Reviews. 7 (6), 2020. https://doi.org/10.31838/jcr.0....
26.
AHMAD F., BELKHEDKAR M., SALODKAR R. Physical properties of nanostructured strontium oxide thin film grown by chemical bath deposition technique. AIP Publishing. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032....
27.
LIU F., REN J., ZHAO W., LI G., JIA J. Tribological properties of NiMo matrix composite containing in-situ formed Sr2NiMoO6 and SrO at elevated temperatures. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 22, 2600, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt....
28.
HUMBE A.V., UNDRE P.G., KOUNSALYE J.S., RASKAR N.D., MANE V.A., DOLE B.N. Deciphering the characterization of Ni0.7−xZn0.3MgxFe2O4 nano ferrites: spectroscopic evaluation of structural parameters via Debye-Scherrer, Williamson-Hall, size-strain, Halder-Wagner plot, and optical methods. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 35 (23), 1589, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854....
29.
JOUDEH N., LINKE D. Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: a comprehensive review for biologists. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 20 (1), 262, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951....
30.
ABD-ELHAMID A., ABU ELGOUD E., ALY H. Sorption behavior of strontium ions by graphene oxide decorated with chitosan nanoparticles from aqueous solutions. Cellulose. 31 (13), 8203, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570....
31.
SABOURI Z., FEREYDOUNI N., AKBARI A., HOSSEINI H.A., HASHEMZADEH A., AMIRI M.S., KAZEMI OSKUEE R., DARROUDI M. Plant-based synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using Salvia macrosiphon Boiss extract and examination of their water treatment. Rare Metals. 39, 1134, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598....
32.
FAN D., YIN M., WANG K., WANG Z., LI H., HU H., GUO F., FENG Z., LI J., ZHANG D. The transition from indirect band gap to direct band gap and effectively separating of electron-hole pairs in h-BC2N/MoSi2N4 heterojunction for photocatalytic water splitting. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhy....
33.
ARIF M., YASIN G., SHAKEEL M., MUSHTAQ M.A., YE W., FANG X., JI S., YAN D. Highly active sites of NiVB nanoparticles dispersed onto graphene nanosheets towards efficient and pH-universal overall water splitting. Journal of Energy Chemistry. 58, 237, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jech....
CITATIONS (1):
1.
Moringa oleifera mediated synthesis of SrO2 and SrCO3@GO nanomaterials for energy storage applications
Rabia Kashif, Shabbir Hussain, Israr Ahmad, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ibrar, Farhana Bibi, Khurram Shahzad Munawar, Muhammad Waqas, Sami Ullah
Materials Advances
Rabia Kashif, Shabbir Hussain, Israr Ahmad, Muhammad Tariq, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Ibrar, Farhana Bibi, Khurram Shahzad Munawar, Muhammad Waqas, Sami Ullah
Materials Advances
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
