Land-use changes or plant species have a profound impact on soil chemical properties, but under their combined action, little is known about the changes in soil fungal communities and functional guilds. We investigated the effects of different land-use types and plant species on the fungal community and functional guilds in the eastern mountainous area of Liaoning Province, including natural secondary forests (Quercus mongolica, shrub wood), plantation forests (Larix gmelini, Pinus koraiensis), and farmland (Zea mays). Fungal community diversity and composition were analyzed using Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing. Responses of soil fungal communities to environmental factors were assessed through canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Pearson correlation analysis. The results illustrated that LG, and PK did not improve soil conditions to the same degree as QM. In addition, compared to SW, ZM decreased soil fertility. The dominant phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with average relative abundances of 55.3% and 31.78%, respectively. The phylum Ascomycota was the dominant group in QM, SW, and ZM, while, Basidiomycota dominated in LG, and PK. Heatmap (P<0.05) and NMDS (stress = 0.07) plots showed that soil fungal communities from LG, PK, and ZM tended to be separated from those of QM and SW. Additionally, soil fungal community functions from QM, SW, and LG were separated from those of PK and ZM. Both analyses demonstrated that different land-use types and plant species had significantly different impacts on the soil fungal communities. Canonical correlation analysis suggested that soil pH value, NH₄ ⁺-N, and NO₃ ^- -N contents were the main factors affecting the soil fungal community diversity and composition. Our results demonstrated that fungal community diversity, composition, and functional groups significantly differed among the three different land use types, so were differences in different plant species under the same land-use type.