At present, the climate has constantly been changing rapidly, especially global average temperatures that have increased dramatically. Just a few degrees of rising temperature can cause many natural disasters. The purposes of this research is to determine the relationship between land surface temperature and urban built-up areas by applying Landsat-8 satellite data in 2018 in Mueang Buriram district, Buriram province, Thailand. The research was conducted by estimating land surface temperature using a split-window algorithm mutually with an analysis of land use and supervised classification methods. The study results of land surface temperature in each district indicated that Nai Mueang sub-district had the highest average land surface temperature at 33.27ºC and that Lak khet sub-district had the lowest average land surface temperature at 28.79ºC. The study results of land use in 3 main areas indicated as follows: 1) vegetation areas had an area of 703.40 km2, representing 084.41% 2) urban built-up areas had an area of 118.28 km², representing 14.19% and 3) and water areas had an area of 11.61 km², representing 1.40%. The study results of the relationship between land surface temperature and urban built-up areas indicated an excellent level of relationship and the value of correlation r at 0.9719. In addition, land surface temperature was forecasted in advance, when urban built-up areas had increased to 100%. And the results were found that Mueang Buriram district had an increasing land surface temperature of approximately at 35.11ºC.