ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimized Synthesis of Lanthanum-Modified {201}-Faceted TiO2 for Enhanced Fluoride Adsorption
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Wen Ma 1
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1
State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants, Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China
 
2
Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
 
 
Submission date: 2025-07-13
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-09-29
 
 
Acceptance date: 2025-10-23
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-12-10
 
 
Corresponding author
Yaqin Yu   

Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
The imperative for efficient co-removal of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) motivated the strategic immobilization of lanthanum (La) species onto {201}-faceted TiO2 – a material exhibiting exceptional affinity toward arsenic species. Among three synthesis routes evaluated (incipient wetness impregnation, one-step solvothermal, and two-step hydrothermal methods), the two-step hydrothermal approach demonstrated superior fluoride sequestration performance. Subsequent optimization of synthesis pH and calcination temperature ( pH = 7 .5, 300oC) further enhanced F- removal efficacy. Nevertheless, the significant disparity in ionic radii between La3+ (1.032 Å) and Ti4+ (0.605 Å) inhibits direct substitution within O–Ti–O bonds, limiting the formation of stable O–La–O configurations and consequently constraining fluoride uptake capacity. This study provides a foundational framework for fabricating multifunctional bimetallic oxides incorporating high-index facets for complex water remediation scenarios.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
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