ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimized Synthesis of Lanthanum-Modified {201}-Faceted TiO2 for Enhanced Fluoride Adsorption
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Wen Ma 1
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1
State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants, Beijing Special Engineering Design and Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China
 
2
Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
 
 
Submission date: 2025-07-13
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-09-29
 
 
Acceptance date: 2025-10-23
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-12-10
 
 
Corresponding author
Yaqin Yu   

Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
 
 
 
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ABSTRACT
The imperative for efficient co-removal of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) motivated the strategic immobilization of lanthanum (La) species onto {201}-faceted TiO2 – a material exhibiting exceptional affinity toward arsenic species. Among three synthesis routes evaluated (incipient wetness impregnation, one-step solvothermal, and two-step hydrothermal methods), the two-step hydrothermal approach demonstrated superior fluoride sequestration performance. Subsequent optimization of synthesis pH and calcination temperature ( pH = 7 .5, 300oC) further enhanced F- removal efficacy. Nevertheless, the significant disparity in ionic radii between La3+ (1.032 Å) and Ti4+ (0.605 Å) inhibits direct substitution within O–Ti–O bonds, limiting the formation of stable O–La–O configurations and consequently constraining fluoride uptake capacity. This study provides a foundational framework for fabricating multifunctional bimetallic oxides incorporating high-index facets for complex water remediation scenarios.
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
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