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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Optimized Synthesis of Lanthanum-Modified
{201}-Faceted TiO2 for Enhanced
Fluoride Adsorption
1
State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants, Beijing Special Engineering Design
and Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China
2
Center for Environmental Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100029, China
Submission date: 2025-07-13
Final revision date: 2025-09-29
Acceptance date: 2025-10-23
Online publication date: 2025-12-10
Publication date: 2026-10-23
Corresponding author
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(5):6495-6503
KEYWORDS
arsenic and fluoride co-removalbimetal oxidesurface hydroxyl densityhigh-index facetsprecipitation pH threshold
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The imperative for efficient co-removal of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F-) motivated the strategic
immobilization of lanthanum (La) species onto {201}-faceted TiO2 – a material exhibiting exceptional
affinity toward arsenic species. Among three synthesis routes evaluated (incipient wetness impregnation,
one-step solvothermal, and two-step hydrothermal methods), the two-step hydrothermal approach
demonstrated superior fluoride sequestration performance. Subsequent optimization of synthesis pH
and calcination temperature ( pH = 7 .5, 300oC) further enhanced F- removal efficacy. Nevertheless,
the significant disparity in ionic radii between La3+ (1.032 Å) and Ti4+ (0.605 Å) inhibits direct
substitution within O–Ti–O bonds, limiting the formation of stable O–La–O configurations and
consequently constraining fluoride uptake capacity. This study provides a foundational framework
for fabricating multifunctional bimetallic oxides incorporating high-index facets for complex water
remediation scenarios.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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