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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Physical, Chemical, and Microbiological
Evaluation of Spring Water Samples Obtained
from the Tunceli Region (Turkey)
1
Design and Architecture/Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Munzur Uni, Tunceli, Turkey
2
Provincial Directorate of Agriculture Tunceli, Turkey
Submission date: 2024-06-12
Final revision date: 2024-11-28
Acceptance date: 2024-12-16
Online publication date: 2025-02-25
Publication date: 2026-01-30
Corresponding author
Alper Güven
Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Munzur University Tunceli Turkey, Aktuluk Cad., 62100, Tunceli, Turkey
Faculty of Fine Arts, Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Arts, Munzur University Tunceli Turkey, Aktuluk Cad., 62100, Tunceli, Turkey
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(1):1133-1144
KEYWORDS
potable waterspring water qualityphysical propertieschemical propertiesmicrobiological propertiesTunceli
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Spring water samples from the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey (Tunceli) were evaluated for
suitability to potable water standards. In the present study, spring water samples obtained from
Pertek, Ovacık, Çemişgezek, Hozat, Pülümür, Mazgirt, and Nazımiye settlements were analyzed with
respect to their physical, chemical, and microbiological properties. Measured quality parameters were
compared with the standards declared by the Institute of Turkish Standards (TS-266), the World Health
Organization (WHO), and the European Community Standards (EC). Weekly spring water samples
from eight springs were taken for a period of seven weeks during the heavy precipitation and snowmelt
season. The characteristic pH of the samples was between 7.24 and 8.36, the sample temperature range
was between 2.9 and 12.7ºC, and the sample electric conductivity was between 165.8 and 760 μS/cm.
Spring water samples varied in a wide range with respect to calcium, magnesium, nitrite, nitrate,
phosphate, chloride, and sulfate contents. Thus, the total hardness values of the samples also varied in a
wide range. Chemical analysis varied due to the geological structure of the spring location, but the iron
content of all the samples was found to be below the detectable range. These results are characteristic of
deep wells surrounded by rocks rich in calcites, dolomites, and gypsum and poor in ferrites. Measured
quality parameters were found to conform with the available Turkish, European Community, and World
Health Organization standards, and the spring water analyzed was found to be the highest quality
potable water according to these standards.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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