The Juniperus sabina L. is considered an endemic plant species in the Kabylia mountains, north-east of Algeria. In order to valorize and provide additional evidence that could promote the conservation of this species, the phytochemical components profile of the Juniperus sabina essential oils (EO) extracted from different parts of the plant was characterized, and their biological activities were evaluated. Gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass spectrometry detectors (GC-FID, GC-MS), along with ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C NMR), were used to determine the composition of the EO chemical profile. The methods used to analyze the antioxidant properties of EO were DPPH, ABTS, and H₂O₂ scavenging assays, along with TAA and RPA for reducing potential assays. Also, cholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of this EO were tested. The screening for phytochemical composition revealed a diverse chemical profile, with major components such as sabinene (24.9%-51.8%) and terpinen-4-ol (11.5%-29.9%). Antioxidant capacity evaluation showed the different responses between plant part EOs and types of antioxidant assays. Therefore, the EO from berries showed a higher activity towards the potential assays of twigs’ EO, which exhibited better activity towards radical scavenging assays. The obtained EOs from needles and twigs showed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with lethal inhibitory concentrations of IC₅₀ of 28.18 μg/ml and 37.27 μg/ml, respectively. These results suggest that Juniperus sabina essential oil (EO) has potential as a natural antioxidant that could be developed for use in food systems, as well as in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.