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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Phytomediated Synthesis of Iron Particles
Using Dark Tea Extract for Catalytic
Degradation of Malachite Green
1
College of New Energy and Materials, Ningde Normal University, Ningde 352100, Fujian, China
Submission date: 2025-05-21
Final revision date: 2025-08-23
Acceptance date: 2025-10-19
Online publication date: 2025-12-10
Corresponding author
Tzu-Hsing Ko
College of New Energy and Materials, Ningde Normal University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Dongqiao Development Zone, Ni, 352100, Ningde City, China
College of New Energy and Materials, Ningde Normal University, No. 1, Xueyuan Road, Dongqiao Development Zone, Ni, 352100, Ningde City, China
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The synthesis and characterization of iron particles (Fe-Ps) derived from a reaction between dark
tea extract and an iron precursor were investigated. FTIR and XRD analyses confirmed the interaction
of iron with plant constituents and the amorphous nature of the Fe-Ps. The catalytic activity of the Fe-Ps
sample on malachite green (MG) degradation in a Fenton system was evaluated, along with operational
factors such as reaction time, Fe-Ps loading, MG concentration, and reusability. The experimental
results showed a significant enhancement in degradation efficiency when H2O2 was combined with
the synthesized Fe-Ps, compared to the individual use of H2O2. The degradation efficiency of MG
by the synthesized Fe-Ps remained stable at 90% after five cycles, indicating good reusability.
The decrease in degradation efficiency after the reusability process was attributed to several factors,
including changes in the crystallite phase, the decrease in BET surface area, and the higher chloride
content in the sample. The kinetic results demonstrated the suitability of the BMG model for describing
the reaction between the synthesized Fe-Ps and MG in a Fenton system. The BMG model facilitated
the determination of the superior reaction rate constant and degradation capacity. These findings provide
valuable insights into the potential application of tea residues in the synthesis of metal particles.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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