The factor analysis method is used to evaluate the public participation performance in the process of Digitization of environmental governance (DEG), and the influence mechanism and path effect of environmental attitude (EA), social influence (SI), risk control perception (RP) and other factors on public participation performance (PPP) are studied by constructing structural equation model in this paper. The results suggest that: (1) the PPP is heterogeneous in terms of gender, urban and rural areas, age and provinces, and is affected by the individual characteristics of the public, environmental attitudes, social networks, the level of socio-economic development, governance ability. (2) Internal EA and external SI are important factors that affect the PPP in the process of DEG. Establishing a correct environmental attitude can enhance the public’s willingness to participate DEG. External social network is a kind of social capital, which can not only enhance the social influence, but also promote the public participation performance. (3) EA and SI affect PPP through the intermediary variable of “risk control perception”, the intermediary effect of EA and PPP is partial intermediary, the intermediary effect of SI and PPP is complete mediation. Accordingly, a series of future development paths and countermeasures have been put forward, such as promoting balanced development, improving environmental literacy, improving governance network and strengthening risk prevention and control.