From the perspective of embedded governance and public participation, public service coproduction has become a common phenomenon, among which the co-production behavior in the field of environmental governance is particularly prominent. In the governance process of “Zero-waste City” and “smart city”, the “environmental protection post station” has served as a forward position, opening up the “last kilometer” of grass-roots governance, which is conducive to promoting public participation and co-production in social governance. On this basis, the current situation, influencing factors and governance countermeasures of public participation in the co-production of citizen post stations are discussed with citizen post stations of environmental governance as an example. The results show that: (1) In the field of environmental governance, there is a common phenomenon of “strong willings and weak behaviors” in the co-production of citizens, who do not understand the function of citizen post stations and seldom use the digital governance platform of the government. (2) In the field of environmental governance, citizens’ co-production behavior is affected by individual characteristics, co-production capacity and perceived factors. (3) Among the individual characteristics, the age and political outlook of the public will affect their co-production behavior. (4) Under the background of government digital governance, citizens’ co-production behavior will also be significantly affected by their environmental cognitive ability and new media use ability. (5) The citizens' co-production behavior in citizen post stations of environmental governance will be affected by self-efficacy, significant perception of public service and satisfaction perception and other factors. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate differential incentive strategies according to individual characteristics in the future citizen post station construction, so that more subjects can participate effectively. Perhaps, we should also enhance public awareness and participation with the help of new media, pay attention to the cultivation of citizens' co-production capacity and the improvement of public perception factors, promote the co-production of citizen post stations in a more diversified way.