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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Research on the Inversion Method of Total
Phosphorus Concentration in Water Bodies Based
on PSO-Adam-BP Neural Network Model
1
School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering,
Langfang 065000, China
2
Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Aerospace Remote Sensing Information Processing and Application,
Langfang 065000, China
3
Hebei PetroChina Central Hospital, Langfang 065000, China
Submission date: 2026-01-15
Final revision date: 2026-03-15
Acceptance date: 2026-04-21
Online publication date: 2026-09-18
Corresponding author
Linghan Gao
School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study investigated Baiyangdian Lake in the Xiong’an New Area to invert total phosphorus
(TP) concentrations using Sentinel-2 multispectral imagery and in situ measurements, aiming to
support water-quality assessment and eutrophication management. Based on the multispectral remote
sensing data of Sentinel-2 and measured total phosphorus data of water bodies, the study used specific
feature combinations such as NDTI, B5, B11-B12 difference, and sensitive combination bands of
measured data as model inputs to construct a PSO-Adam-BP neural network machine learning model
for total phosphorus concentration inversion. Compared with the traditional BP and PSO-BP baseline
models, the proposed framework significantly improved the accuracy of the model, with an R2 value
reaching 0.9351. Moreover, it successfully reduced the average relative error by up to 53.5%, from
4.80% to 2.24%, and decreased the maximum relative error by up to 31.7%, from 11.21% to 7.66%,
demonstrating the model’s highly robust and precise inversion performance. This study provides a new
method for water quality detection in Baiyangdian Lake and is of great significance to the protection
and development of the water environment in Xiong’an New Area.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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