A silvoarable ecosystem was studied in the western part of Romania (Timiș County). This agricultural system was established by associating two plant species: a rapeseed crop (the hybrid LG Architect of Brassica napus L .) a nd a h ybrid p oplar plantation ( Populus deltoides Bartram ex Marshall × Populus nigra L.). The study aimed to assess several physical (particle size composition (coarse sand (2.0-0.2 mm), fine sand (0.2-0.02 mm), silt (0.02-0.002 mm), colloidal clay (<0.002 mm), physical clay (<0.01 mm)) and bulk density) and chemical (pH, humus, total nitrogen, plant-available phosphorus, and plant-available potassium) parameters of soil during two seasonal periods: autumn and spring. Different soil depths were considered: 0-30 cm in the poplar plantation and 0-10 cm in the rapeseed crop. Generally, higher values were observed for the chemical soil parameters in the rapeseed soil than in the poplar soil in the spring season, after winter exposure. This effect emphasizes the enhancement of the potential of the rapeseed crop by combining it with the woody plant (hybrid poplar) within the silvoarable system, and shows the effectiveness of this type of plant association as an agricultural alternative, as well as the contribution of the woody plant (hybrid poplar) to improving the soil conditions for the herbaceous crop (rapeseed). This study shows that edging crops with trees can be a sustainable agricultural strategy.