In order to master the environmental geochemical characteristics of heavy metals in the sediment of urban scenic areas, in this study the water area of the delta Park in Suzhou City (Anhui Province, China) as an example, the contents of Pb, U, V, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn in sediment were tested. On this basis, using the Kriging spatial interpolation, self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization model (PMF) to explore the spatial distribution, pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in the study area. The results showed that the heavy metal content of the sampling points in the estuary area was higher than that in the park; the potential ecological risk index and the geoaccumulation index evaluation results showed that the sediment of water area of the delta park was in a light pollution state; three pollution factors, including agricultural, industrial and natural sources, were analyzed by the positive matrix factorizing model, with contribution rates of 42.13%, 35.39% and 22.48% respectively, of which agricultural and industrial sources were the main sources of heavy metals in the sediments of the study area.