ORIGINAL RESEARCH
The Drivers of Firms’ Environmental
Management: Soft Environmental Management
vs. Hard Environmental Management
| 1 | College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, P.R. China |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Yuan Ma
College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590, Qingdao, China
College of Economics and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590, Qingdao, China
Submission date: 2021-02-09
Final revision date: 2021-04-12
Acceptance date: 2021-07-02
Online publication date: 2021-11-22
KEYWORDS
environmental managementregulatory pressuremarket pressureslack resourcestop management’s environmental awareness
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Environmental management is an effective approach to realize sustainable development.
Environmental management is divided into two dimensions, soft environmental management and hard
environmental management in this article and the drivers of these two dimensions are analyzed. 211
valid survey data from manufacturing firms are used to test the hypotheses. It is found that regulatory
pressure, market pressure, slack resources and top management’s environmental awareness have positive
effects on both soft environmental management and hard environmental management. Furthermore,
soft environmental management is more susceptible to be affected by external pressures of government
and market, while hard environmental management is more likely to be driven by internal pressures of
slack resources and top management’s environmental awareness.
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