Collaborative cooperation in waste separation is an important initiative to promote the development of waste separation and an essential part of collaborative governance in Chinese society. In this paper, we constructed a tripartite game model of “government supervision + enterprise leadership + universal participation”. In cooperation, we analyzed the evolution of the strategy choice of government, residents, and enterprises. Using numerical simulation, we studied the factors influencing the evolution of the cooperation strategy choice. The results show that their willingness to participate affects the government, residents, and enterprises differently; enterprises are more sensitive to policy support, cost-sharing, benefit, and distribution coefficients.