Based on survey data covering 309 family grain farms in China, a structural equation model was used to conduct an empirical study on the relationship between ecological cognition, digital agricultural technology adoption, and the sustainable development of family grain farms in China. The results are in the following: Ecological cognition has a significant positive effect on the sustainable development of family grain farms. And digital agricultural technology adoption has a partial mediating effect on the influence of ecological cognition on the sustainable development of family grain farms. The ecological cognition level of farmers should be continuously improved, and more support should be given to adopt digital agricultural technology to effectively promote the sustainable development of family grain farms in China.