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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
REVIEW PAPER
Ecological Health Assessment of the Mekong
River and Its Tributaries: Challenges
and Future Perspective – A Review
1
Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University,
No. 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Hung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University,
Shantou, 515063, China
3
Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Offshore Environmental Pollution Control,
Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
4
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT),
268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Dien Hong Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
5
CARE, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Vietnam National University
Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
6
Division of Aquacultural Biotechnology, Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City,
No. 2374 Do Muoi Street, Trung My Tay Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
7
Institute of Life Sciences, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,
85 Tran Quoc Toan Street, Xuan Hoa Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Submission date: 2025-05-15
Final revision date: 2025-06-27
Acceptance date: 2025-09-05
Online publication date: 2025-12-03
Corresponding author
Anh Duc Pham
Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, No. 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Hung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, No. 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Hung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Thanh Luu Pham
Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, No. 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Hung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, No. 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Hung Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The Mekong River Basin (MRB) and its tributaries play an important role in the biodiversity,
livelihoods, and ecological services for millions of people in Southeast Asia. In recent decades,
economic development, expanded urbanization, hydropower establishment, and climate change have
significantly impacted river health. This review highlights the current knowledge of the Ecological
River Health Assessment (ERHA) using bioindicators, including algae, nematodes, zooplankton,
macroinvertebrates, and fish, to assess water quality and ecosystem health of the MRB. We
identify key challenges and propose future directions for the sustainable management of the MRB.
The results highlighted that the ecological condition of the MRB varied from poor to good levels with
a decreasing trend downstream. Each biological group offers distinct advantages in ERHA within
the MRB. Microalgae and zooplankton are effective indicators for short-term variations, while nematodes and macroinvertebrates are reliable indicators of sediment conditions. Macroinvertebrates are
best for long-term indicators, and fish reflect broader ecosystem health. Biomonitoring methodologies
have advanced to incorporate multimetric indices (MMIs) and bioindicators, but challenges remain
in ensuring data consistency, taxonomic accuracy, and methodological standardization. Future research
should aim to standardize sampling techniques, establish consistent reference materials, and improve
data processing methods, which will improve the results for the Mekong River system.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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