Adsorption and desorption of phosphorus (P) by biochar affect the effect of soil phosphorus fixation. In order to investigate the effect of tea residue biochar on the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus in tea garden soil and reduce the leaching loss of phosphorus in soil, the adsorption and desorption characteristics of phosphorus in tea garden soil were studied by equilibrium adsorption method. In the simulated culture experiment, biochar was prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures (400ºC, 500ºC, 600ºC) and added at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.50%, 1.0%, 2.0%). Results showed that the P adsorption capacity in tea garden soil treated by three types of biochar trends was BC400>BC500>BC600, the BC400 treatment with 1.0% showed the best results. The P adsorption process by soil, dominated by monolayer adsorption, reached a significant level by matching the Langmuir equation (0.952<0.98). On the contrary, the application of tea residue biochar to soil significantly reduced the soil P desorption. In addition, environmental factors (temperature and pH) significantly affected on P adsorption process (P<0.05). The current results suggested that tea residue biomass carbon can improve the soil’s ability of fixation to phosphorus and reduce the leaching of phosphorus.