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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Interactive Effect of Zinc and Phosphorus
Application on Growth and Yield of Bt. Cotton
1
Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
2
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida 32611, USA
3
Department of Plant Protection, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan
4
Department of Agronomy PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
5
Cotton Research Institute (CRI), Khanpur, Rahimyar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
6
Department of Agriculture, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
7
Department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
8
National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Punjab Pakistan (63100)
9
Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology,
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
10
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451,
Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-01-24
Final revision date: 2024-08-07
Acceptance date: 2024-09-04
Online publication date: 2024-10-16
Publication date: 2025-11-04
Corresponding author
Muhammad Usman
Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(6):6781-6789
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Cotton is the main cash and fiber crop worldwide, including Pakistan. Sustainable cotton production
is threatened by excessive and injudicious use of inorganic fertilizers, especially phosphorus (P) and
zinc (Zn). Due to their antagonistic interaction, P and Zn levels must be optimized. This study examined
P-Zn interactions in the cotton crop under arid circumstances. A split-plot design was used to provide
five doses of P (P1=0, P2=30, P3=60, P4=90, and P5=120 kg ha-1) and three doses of Zn (Zn1=6, Zn2=12,
and Zn3=18 kg ha-1). Cotton crop data included soil P and Zn availability, plant growth, morphology,
and yield. This demonstrated that increasing Zn and P dosages steadily boosted the growth, physiology,
and yield traits of the cotton crop. Compared to other combinations, 12 kg Zn ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1
improved the studied growth, physiological, and yield parameters of the cotton crop. This combination
had the maximum chlorophyll contents (62.2 SPAD value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (13.6 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), stomatal conductance (0.47 mmol m-2 s-1), sub-sub conductance (292.3 μmol H2O m−2 s−1), leaf
transpiration rate (9.6 mmol m-2 s-1), and water usage efficiency (2.42 kg ha-1 mm-1). Similarly, the highest
plant height, peak leaf area index, sympodial branches, total bolls, and mean boll weight were obtained
with the application of 12 kg Zn ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1. The maximum soil available P (16.0±0.240 mg
kg-1) and Zn (9.00±0.335 mg kg-1) was recorded in the P4Zn2 treatment. Thus, the present study found
that increasing Zn and P dosages increased cotton crop growth, morphology, physiology, yield traits,
and availability of P and Zn in the soil. The growth, morphological, physiological, and yield parameters
of the cotton crop and soil available P and Zn were recorded the highest with 12 kg Zn ha-1 and
90 kg P ha-1. Therefore, the highest seed cotton yield (1.278 ton ha-1) and biological yield (10.492 ton
ha-1) were with the application of 12 kg Zn ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1. The findings of this research work
suggest that the combined application of 12 kg Zn ha-1 and 90 kg P ha-1 is the best fertilizer management
approach to increase cotton seed yield under the conditions of an arid climate.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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