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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Identifing Key Areas of Ecological Restoration
for Karst Cities Based on Morphological Spatial
Pattern Analysis: A Case Study of Bijie City
1
School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
2
State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
3
Guizhou Forestry Survey and Design Co., Ltd., Guiyang, 550001, China
4
School of Geography and Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550025, China
Submission date: 2024-04-17
Final revision date: 2024-05-30
Acceptance date: 2024-06-12
Online publication date: 2024-09-04
Publication date: 2025-05-09
Corresponding author
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(4):4445-4463
KEYWORDS
ecological security patternmorphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA)ecologicalsource-landsecological corridorsKarst
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Guizhou province, situated in the heart of the Karst region in southwestern China, faces significant
ecological fragility due to the intense human-environment conflict, resulting in severe ecological
damage and posing challenges for restoration efforts. This study focuses on addressing the current issue
of ecological restoration, particularly related to the shrinking of ecological source areas, in Bijie City,
a typical mountainous city in the southwestern Karst region. To achieve this, morphological spatial pattern
analysis (MSPA) and landscape connectivity indices are employed to identify ecological source lands.
Additionally, the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model and circuit-theory based connectivity analysis
are utilized to extract ecological source areas and corridors, among other features, which are then graded
accordingly. Subsequently, using the “Linkage Mapper” tool, critical ecological nodes are identified to
pinpoint areas in Bijie City that require ecological restoration. Based on the research findings, ecological
zones are determined, and corresponding restoration strategies are proposed for Bijie City. The results
indicate that: (1) Bijie City encompasses 62 potential ecological source lands, covering a total area
of 3944.37 km2, with 26 critical ecological source lands spanning 2643.35 km2, and 36 general ecological
source lands covering 1302.89 km2. (2) A total of 147 ecological corridors, measuring 1333.99 km
in length, are extracted, including 45 critical corridors spanning 353.44 km, 65 important corridors
covering 869.15 km, and 37 ordinary corridors spanning 111.39 km, which can potentially form an
ecological network pattern. (3) Fifty-four key ecological restoration areas are identified, comprising 23 key
ecological pinch points and 31 key ecological barrier points. Consequently, it is recommended to divide
Bijie City into key conservation zones, buffer zones, controlling zones, optimization zones, and corridor
restoration zones for effective ecological restoration. Moreover, based on MSPA and other digital analyses,
critical points are proposed to optimize the ecological security pattern in Karst areas.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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