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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Impact of Biogas Slurry on Physiological
and Antioxidant Mechanisms of Wheat
Under Drought Stress
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
2
Department of Life Sciences, Western Caspian University, Baku, Azerbaijan
3
Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija,
LT-58344 Kedainiai district, Lithuania
4
Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
5
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451
6
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal,
Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000 Pakistan
7
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
Submission date: 2023-12-16
Final revision date: 2024-02-23
Acceptance date: 2024-04-20
Online publication date: 2024-07-26
Publication date: 2025-01-09
Corresponding author
Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Allah Ditta
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan, Pakistan
Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 18000, Pakistan, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(2):1721-1731
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Drought, a significant abiotic stressor, exerts harmful effects on crop productivity on a global
scale. Researchers have investigated various strategies aimed at mitigating the detrimental impacts of
drought on crop productivity. Biogas slurry (BGS) improves soil fertility and water retention, leading
to increased crop output. The study aims to assess how biogas slurry improves wheat crop development
and yield during drought stress. A pot experiment was carried out at the agronomic research area of
IUB Bahawalpur to investigate the effect of biogas slurry on wheat crop growth under restricted water
availability. The present study employed four distinct treatments of biogas slurry, namely T0 (control),
T1 (450 kg ha-1), T2 (550 kg ha-1), and T3 (650 kg ha-1), in conjunction with the imposition of drought
conditions. The results of the study suggest that the presence of drought conditions during the grainfilling
phase exerts a negative influence on the final yield outcome. Furthermore, it was observed that
biogas slurry at a dosage of 650 kg ha-1 has a pronounced impact on both the growth and yield of the
cultivated crop. Soil amendment of biogas slurry at a 650 kg ha-1 rate yielded notable improvements in
multiple plant growth parameters. The experimental results indicate a remarkable (6.18%) elevation in plant height, a substantial (13.26%) augmentation in the count of fertile tillers, a significant (6.90%)
extension in spike length, a noteworthy (7.95%) rise in the number of grains, and a remarkable (16.97%)
increase in grain yield pot-1. Furthermore, physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance
(40.76%), chlorophyll content (20.25%), water use efficiency (35.41%), transpiration rate (38.71%),
photosynthesis rate (23.68%), SOD (42%), POD (26%), CAT (33%), and APX (16%) were also improved
with biogas slurry application. In conclusion, biogas slurry at a rate of 650 kg ha-1 could be an effective
strategy for boosting wheat cereal production by minimizing the harmful effects of drought stress.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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