About the Journal
Current issue
Online first
Instructions for Authors
Editorial policies
Archive
Online first
CC BY-NC 4.0
Get citation
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Impact of CO2 Leakage from Geological Storage on the Eco-environment: Rhizosphere Microenvironment of Soybean Case
Lu Xue 1,2,3
,
 
Junjie Ma 2,3
,
 
Lin Li 2,3
,
 
Haofan Wang 2,3
,
 
Jinfeng Ma 2,3
,
 
Yu Mou 4
,
 
Yuan Guang Xing 5
 
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China
 
2
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutralization Technology, Carbon Neutral College (Yulin), Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
 
3
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Carbon Capture and Storage Technology, Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
 
4
China National Logging Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710077, China
 
5
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
 
 
Submission date: 2025-05-28
 
 
Final revision date: 2025-11-05
 
 
Acceptance date: 2025-11-15
 
 
Online publication date: 2026-03-09
 
 
Corresponding author
Lu Xue   

College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China
 
 
Yu Mou   

China National Logging Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710077, China
 
 
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/214279
 
 
Article (PDF)
References (41)
 
KEYWORDS
bacterial diversity
bacterial community structure
NovaSeq sequencing
CO2 leakage
carbon dioxide capture and storage
 
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
As a crucial technology for global CO2 reduction, CO2 capture and storage (CCS) faces leakage risks that endanger surrounding organisms and the environment. This study aimed to clarify how CO2 leakage impacts the rhizosphere soil's physicochemical properties and microbial communities, supporting CCS environmental risk assessments. A simulation platform was built, and the 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, correlation, and redundancy analyses were used to examine soybean cultures. Results showed that as soil CO2 concentration rose, pH and O2 significantly declined, while Soil Organic Carbon and Ammonium Nitrogen increased. Total Nitrogen and Nitrate Nitrogen decreased, with the latter dropping notably. Microbial Biomass Carbon and Nitrogen in soybean rhizosphere soil rose at 10% and 30% CO2 but fell at 50%. CO2 leakage reduced the Chao1 index of rhizosphere soil bacteria yet increased the Pielou’s evenness index. Although dominant bacterial phyla remained consistent, Bacteroidetes became more abundant, while Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Nitrospirae decreased. O2 and pH were key factors shaping bacterial diversity and phylum-level community abundance.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (41)
1.
XI J.P. Speech at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly. China has set its "Dual Carbon" goals. 2020.
Google Scholar
 
 
2.
CHINA NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND REFORM COMMISSION. 14th five-year plan for national economic and social development of the people's republic of China. 2021.
Google Scholar
 
 
3.
EYITAYO S., ARBAD N., OKERE C. Advancing geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) with emerging technologies for climate change mitigation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. 22 (6), 5023, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
4.
DENG H., BIELICKI J.M., OPPENHEIMER M. Leakage risks of geologic CO₂ storage and the impacts on the global energy system and climate change mitigation. Climatic Change. 144, 151, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
5.
IPCC. In: SHUKLA P.R. (Eds.), Climate change 2022: mitigation of climate change. contribution of working group III to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge, UK and New York, USA, 2022.
Google Scholar
 
 
6.
LUSYANA L., ATMANTO M.D. Risks analysis of carbon dioxide storage in geological formations. Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas. 34 (2), 117, 2022. https://doi.org/10.29017/SCOG.....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
7.
XIAO T., CHEN T., MA Z. A review of risk and uncertainty assessment for geologic carbon storage. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 189, 113945, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
8.
IPCC. IPCC special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, pp. 1, 2025.
Google Scholar
 
 
9.
JONES D.G., BEAUBIEN S.E., BLACKFORD J.C. Developments since 2005 in understanding potential environmental impacts of CO₂ leakage from geological storage. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 40, 350, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgg....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
10.
FAGORITE V.I., CHIJIOKE C.F., OPARA A.I. Environmental and safety issues associated with geological carbon storage: a review. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration. 7 (3), 445, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41207....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
11.
JU G., LEE J.-H., MOON S. Spatial distribution and origin of soil CO₂ in Andeok area, Jeju. Geosciences Journal. 28 (4), 493, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12303....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
12.
ZHANG X.Y., MA X., ZHAO Z. CO₂ leakage-induced vegetation decline is primarily driven by decreased soil O₂. Journal of Environmental Management. 171, 225, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
13.
KRÜGER M., JONES D., FRERICHS J. Effects of elevated CO₂ concentrations on the vegetation and microbial populations at a terrestrial CO₂ vent at Laacher See, Germany. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 5, 1093, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgg....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
14.
MA J.J., ZHU X.L., LIU D.P. Effects of simulation leakage of CCS on physical-chemical properties of soil. Energy Procedia. 63, 3215, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyp....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
15.
NIE L.J., MA J.J., ZHAO X.F. Effects of simulation CO₂ leakage of CCS on soil chemical properties under C3 and C4 Crops. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. 29 (5), 200, 2025.
Google Scholar
 
 
16.
ZHANG W.Y., ZHANG S.L., CHEN F. Short-term effects of simulated underground CO₂ leakage on the soil microbial community. Journal of Agro-Environment Science. 36 (6), 1167, 2024.
Google Scholar
 
 
17.
MOROZOVA D., ZETTLITZER M., LET D. Monitoring of the microbial community composition in deep subsurface saline aquifers during CO₂ storage in Ketzin, Germany. Energy Procedia. 4, 4362, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyp....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
18.
MONTES H.G., RENARD F., LAFAY R. Experimental assessment of CO₂-mineral-toxiclon interactions in a simplified freshwater aquifer: implications for CO₂ leakage from deep geological storage. Environmental Science & Technology. 47, 6247, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3053....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
19.
ZHALNINA K., LOUIE K.B., HAO Z. Dynamic root exudate chemistry and microbial substrate preferences drive patterns in rhizosphere microbial community assembly. Nature Microbiology. 3, 470, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
20.
CUI Y.X., FANG L.C., GUO X.B. Responses of soil microbial communities to nutrient limitation in the desert-grassland ecological transition zone. Science of The Total Environment. 642, 45, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
21.
MU Y., WANG H.F., LAI X.J. Evaluation system of CO₂ geological storage site in low porosity and low permeability saline aquifers-A case study of Ordos Basin. Coal Geology & Exploration, pp. 1, 2025.
Google Scholar
 
 
22.
XUE L., MA J.J., WU J.L. Comprehensive evaluation on the tolerance of eight crop species to CO₂ leakage from geological storage. International Journal of Agricultural Biology. 22 (3), 561, 2024. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
23.
XUE L., MA J.J., HU Q. Identification of CO₂ leakage from geological storage based on maize spectral characteristic indexes. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 112, 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgg....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
24.
LIPUS D., JIA Z., SONDERMANN M. Microbial diversity and biogeochemical interactions in the seismically active and CO₂-rich Eger Rift ecosystem. Environmental Microbiome. 19 (1), 1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
25.
LIU D., MA J.J., CHENG M. Study on the effect of CO₂ leakage on the basic water quality index of paddyfield water. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae. 40 (4), 152, 2020.
Google Scholar
 
 
26.
DENG H.Z. Effects of high concentration CO₂ in the aeration zone on the soil-plant system. PhD Thesis, Chang'an University, 2025.
Google Scholar
 
 
27.
HAM B., CHOI B.-Y., CHAE G.-T. Geochemical influence on microbial communities at CO₂-leakage analog sites. Frontiers in Microbiology. 8, 1, 2025. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
28.
PARK K., KIM C.Y., KIRK M.F. Effects of natural non-volcanic CO₂ leakage on soil microbial community composition and diversity. Science of The Total Environment. 862, 160754, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
29.
ZHANG H.H., LI C.R., WANG W.K. Study on soil bacterial community under sealed CO₂ leakage scenarios by high-throughput sequencing technology. Journal of Agro-Environment Science. 35 (12), 2440, 2023.
Google Scholar
 
 
30.
SHELTON J.L., ANDREWS R.S., AKOB D.M. Microbial community composition of a hydrocarbon reservoir 40 years after a CO₂ enhanced oil recovery flood. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 94 (10), 1, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
31.
CHEN F., ZHANG W.Y., MA J. Experimental study on the effects of underground CO₂ leakage on soil microbial consortia. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 63, 241, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgg....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
32.
KIM Y.J., HE W., KO D. Increased N₂O emission by inhibited plant growth in the CO₂ leaked soil environment: simulation of CO₂ leakage from carbon capture and storage (CCS) site. Science of The Total Environment. 607-608, 1278, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
33.
CAO S., DU R., LI B. High-throughput profiling of microbial community structures in an ANAMMOX-UASB reactor treating high-strength wastewater. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 100 (14), 6457, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
34.
TIAN D., MA X., LI Y.E. Research on soil bacteria under the impact of sealed CO₂ leakage by high-throughput sequencing technology. Environmental Science. 34 (10), 4096, 2023.
Google Scholar
 
 
35.
SHANKAR V., AGANS R., PALIY O. Advantages of phylogenetic distance based constrained ordination analyses for the examination of microbial communities. Scientific Reports. 7, 6481, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
36.
LOUCA S., POLZ M.F., MAZEL F. Function and functional redundancy in microbial systems. Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2, 936, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
37.
ANWAR M.N., FAYYAZ A., SOHAIL N.F. CO₂ capture and storage: A way forward for sustainable environment. Journal of Environmental Management. 226, 131, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
38.
MA J.F., LI L., WANG H.F. Carbon capture and storage: history and the road ahead. Engineering. 14, 33, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
39.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION. Carbon dioxide capture, transport and geological storage transportation and geological storage - Geological storage (ISO 27914:2017), 2022.
Google Scholar
 
 
40.
CHINA'S FORMER MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. Technical guideline on environmental risk assessment for carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (on trial), 2021.
Google Scholar
 
 
41.
MA J., ZHOU Y., ZHENG Y. Advances in geochemical monitoring technologies for CO₂ geological storage. Sustainability. 16 (16), 6784, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1616....
CrossRef
 
Google Scholar
 
 
Share
Send by email
RELATED ARTICLE
Study of Microbial Diversity in Fresh Ingredients and Their Wastes
Enhancing Soil Properties and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Tea Plantations through Intercropping Tea Trees and Dictyophora indusiata
Microbial Communities in Food Waste in Terms of Methanogenic and Residue Gob Remediation Potentials
Soil Microbe and Physicochemical Characteristics in Tensile Fracture Zone Caused by Mining Subsidence
Responses of Soil Properties and Bacterial Community to the Application of Sulfur Fertilizers in Black and Sandy Soils
Indexes
 
Keywords index
Topics index
Authors index
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
Journals System - logo
2026 PJOES. This is an open-access journal. All articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0)
owned by HARD sc publishing company Wengris 71 10-765 Olsztyn Poland Tax number 7391837147
© 2006-2026 Journal hosting platform by Bentus
Scroll to top