Heavy metal pollution is a significant threat to global environmental governance, endangering both ecosystems and human health. Current technologies, though partially effective, are often limited by applicability, cost, and stability in complex scenarios. This review explores multi-technology collaborative remediation approaches, emphasizing synergies in mechanisms, governance phases, environmental adaptability, and spatiotemporal dimensions. These coupled methods enhance treatment efficacy and reduce environmental risks. The review also categorically evaluates various remediation technologies, discussing their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests improvements. These insights offer strategic guidance for managing complex pollution systems through optimized technology combinations.