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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment of
Black Soil Farmland Soil in Northeast China
-Taking Gonghe Town as an Example
1
Harbin Center for Integrated Natural Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Harbin 150086, P.R. China
2
Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone in Black Soil, Harbin, Ministry of Natural Resources 150086,
P.R. China
3
Northeast Geologica S&T Innovation Center of China Geological Survey, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning China
4
Shenyang Laboratory of National Gemstone Testing Center, Shenyang 110034, P.R. China
Submission date: 2024-08-27
Final revision date: 2024-11-01
Acceptance date: 2024-11-10
Online publication date: 2025-01-07
Publication date: 2026-01-29
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(1):345-359
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The issue of heavy metals in farmland soil has long been a concern for various sectors, and
scientifically revealing the spatial differentiation characteristics, influencing factors, and health risks
of heavy metals has become an important component of farmland quality management under the new
normal. Taking the surface soil of cultivated land in Gonghe Town as the research object, the current
status of heavy metal pollution in soil was differentiated by the land accumulation index method (Igeo),
the ecological risk coefficient of heavy metals in soil was determined by the potential ecological hazard
index method (RI), and the health risk assessment model (BHRA) was used to determine the health
risks of heavy metals to adults and children. The results showed that the soil in Gonghe Town has been
polluted to varying degrees by heavy metals, with variability in heavy metal pollution. Heavy metal
Cd poses slight, moderate, and strong ecological risks, with slight and moderate risks being the main
ones. Heavy metals do not pose a carcinogenic health risk to adults and children, but the carcinogenic
risk index for adults and children exceeds the soil remediation benchmark value of 10-6, as proposed
by the US EPA. Heavy metal pollution poses a non-carcinogenic health risk to children. In response to
the continuous accumulation of heavy metals in farmland soil, it is necessary to improve ideological
awareness, scientifically and reasonably use land, and strengthen the prevention and control of heavy
metal pollution.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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