About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Ownership and Management Statement
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed by
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Publication Frequency
Revenue Sources & Business Model
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Instructions for Authors
Frequently Asked Questions
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
Archive
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Investigating the Influence of Specific
Heavy Metals on the Haemato-Biochemical
and Genotoxic Traits of Grass Carp
1
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118 PR China
2
Department of Zoology Hazara University Mansehra (21300), Khyber Pakhtunkhuwa Pakistan
3
Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
These authors had equal contribution to this work
Submission date: 2024-05-01
Final revision date: 2024-06-12
Acceptance date: 2024-08-03
Online publication date: 2024-10-28
Publication date: 2025-07-22
Corresponding author
Noman Waheed
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118 PR China
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118 PR China
Xu Rifu
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118 PR China
College of Animal Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118 PR China
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(5):5823-5832
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The current study was conducted to assess hemato-biochemical and genotoxic changes caused by
Grass carp’s exposure to toxic heavy metals. The fish C. idella was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations
(1/20th of 96-h LC50) of cadmium (5.7 mg/l), lead (7.6 mg/l), and mercury (0.6 mg/l), for one week.
The blood measurements of the treated groups demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the levels
of RBCs, hemoglobin, MCHC, WBCs, lymphocytes, and platelets, whereas there was a significant
increase (p < 0.05) in the MCH and MCV values. The analysis of blood biochemistry unveiled
a significant increase (p < 0.05) in metabolites (such as cholesterol, glucose, creatinine, and urea)
and electrolytes (potassium and sodium). Conversely, the levels of triglycerides, serum proteins,
calcium, and phosphorus exhibited a significant decline (p < 0.05) in comparison to the untreated group.
The percentage for DNA damage for erythrocytic cells was noted for the exposed concentrations
of Cd, Pb, and Hg with a significant increasing pattern (p < 0.05) following the sequence Pb > Hg > Cd.
The results demonstrated that the Comet test is precise for determining toxicity and can be applied
in environmental monitoring activities. This study concluded that excessive use of these heavy metals
can negatively affect the health of fish.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (48)
1.
ALI H., KHAN E., ILAHI I.. Environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology of hazardous heavy metals: environmental persistence, toxicity, and bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry. 2019 (4), 1, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6....
2.
SAJID M., NAZAL M.K., BAIG N., OSMAN A.M. Removal of heavy metals and organic pollutants from water using dendritic polymers based adsorbents: a critical review. Separation and Purification Technology. 191, 400, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sepp....
3.
BARLOW N.L., BRADBERRY S.M. Investigation and monitoring of heavy metal poisoning. Journal of Clinical Pathology. 76 (2), 82, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp-20....
4.
SABULLAH M., AHMAD S., SHUKOR M., GANSAU A., SYED M., SULAIMAN M., SHAMAAN N. Heavy metal biomarker: Fish behavior, cellular alteration, enzymatic reaction and proteomics approaches. International Food Research Journal. 22 (2), 435, 2015.
5.
YADAV M., GUPTA R., SHARMA R.K. Green and sustainable pathways for wastewater purification. In book: Advances in Water Purification Techniques (pp.355-383). Ahuja Consulting, Calabash, NC, United States, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0....
6.
AUTHMAN M.M., ZAKI M.S., KHALLAF E.A., ABBAS H.H. Use of fish as bio-indicator of the effects of heavy metals pollution. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development. 6 (4), 328, 2015. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9....
7.
BALALI-MOOD M., NASERI K., TAHERGORABI Z., KHAZDAIR M.R., SADEGHI M. Toxic mechanisms of five heavy metals: mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, and arsenic. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 12, 643972, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.....
8.
MANUHARA Y.S.W., WIBOWO A.T., WINARNI D., ISLAMATASYA U., KHASANAH U.W.N. The comparison toxicity effects of lead and cadmium exposure on hematological parameters and organs of mice. Ecology, Environment and Conservation. 26 (4), 1842, 2020.
9.
RICE K.M., WALKER JR E.M., WU M., GILLETTE C., BLOUGH E. Environmental mercury and its toxic effects. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health. 47 (2), 74, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.....
10.
YANG L., ZHANG Y., WANG F., LUO Z., GUO S., STRÄHLE U. Toxicity of mercury: Molecular evidence. Chemosphere. 245, 125586, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
11.
ARDESHIR R.A., MOVAHEDINIA A.-A., RASTGAR S. Fish liver biomarkers for heavy metal pollution: a review article. American Journal of Toxicology. 2 (1), 1, 2017.
12.
ADESHINA I., EMIKPE B.O., JENYO-ONI A., AJANI E.K., ABUBAKAR M.I. Haematology, plasma biochemistry and serum of table size African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, naturally infected with Listeria species in Oyo State. Comparative Clinical Pathology. 29 (3), 69, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580....
13.
NWANI C.D., EKWUEME H.I., EJERE V.C., ONYEKE C.C., CHUKWUKA C.O., PEACE O.S., NWADINIGWE A.O. Physiological effects of paraquat in juvenile African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchfiel 1822). Journal of Coastal Life Medicine. 3 (1), 35, 2015.
14.
MATOS L.A., CUNHA A.C., SOUSA A.A., MARANHÃO J.P., SANTOS N.R., DE MC GONÇALVES M., DANTAS S.M.D.M., E SOUSA J.M.D.C., PERON A.P., DA SILVA F.C.C. The influence of heavy metals on toxicogenetic damage in a Brazilian tropical river. Chemosphere. 185, 852, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
15.
LUO L., WANG B., JIANG J., FITZGERALD M., HUANG Q., YU Z., LI H., ZHANG J., WEI J., YANG C. Heavy metal contaminations in herbal medicines: Determination, comprehensive risk assessments, and solutions. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 11, 595335, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.....
16.
GORINI F., MURATORI F., MORALES M.A. The role of heavy metal pollution in neurobehavioral disorders: a focus on autism. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 1 (4), 354, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489....
17.
SHAHJAHAN M., TASLIMA K., RAHMAN M.S., ALEMRAN M., ALAM S.I., FAGGIO C. Effects of heavy metals on fish physiology - a review. Chemosphere. 300, 134519, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem....
18.
VAJARGAH M.F., NAMIN J.I., MOHSENPOUR R., YALSUYI A.M., PROKIĆ M.D., FAGGIO C.. Histological effects of sublethal concentrations of insecticide Lindane on intestinal tissue of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Veterinary Research Communications. 45 (4), 373, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259....
19.
HANEY D., HURSH D., MIX M., WINTON J. Physiological and hematological changes in chum salmon artificially infected with erythrocytic necrosis virus. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 4 (1), 48, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8...<0048:PAHCIC>2.3.CO;2.
20.
IBRAHIM A.T.A. Toxicological impact of green synthesized silver nanoparticles and protective role of different selenium type on Oreochromis niloticus: hematological and biochemical response. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology. 61, 126507, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtem....
21.
SINGH N.P., MCCOY M.T., TICE R.R., SCHNEIDER E.L. A simple technique for quantitation of low levels of DNA damage in individual cells. Experimental Cell Research. 175 (1), 184, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-4....
22.
HEDAYATI A., GHAFFARI Z. Effect of Mercuric Chloride on Some Hematological, Biochemical Parameters in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix). International Journal of Veterinary Medicine Research & Reports. 2013. https://doi.org/10.5171/2013.1....
23.
NAZ S., HUSSAIN R., ULLAH Q., CHATHA A.M.M., SHAHEEN A., KHAN R.U. Toxic effect of some heavy metals on hematology and histopathology of major carp (Catla catla). Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28 (6), 6533, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
24.
ZULFAHMI I., RAHMI A., MULIARI M., AKMAL Y., PAUJIAH E., SUMON K. A., RAHMAN M. Exposure to Lead Nitrate Alters Growth and Haematological Parameters of Milkfish (Chanos chanos). Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 107 (5), 860, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128....
25.
SHAH N., KHISROON M., SHAH S.S.A. Assessment of copper, chromium, and lead toxicity in fish (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844) through hematological biomarkers. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 27 (26), 33259, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356....
26.
CHAUDHARY A., GUL JAVAID K., BUGHIO E., FAISAL N. Study on histo-biochemical biomarkers of chromium induced toxicity in Labeo rohita. Emerging Contaminants. 9 (1), 100204, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emco....
27.
RAMESH P., RAMACHANDRA MOHAN M. Effects of Cadmium Chloride on Hematological Profiles in Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Journal of Environment and Ecology. 39 (4A), 1096, 2021.
28.
KHALESI M., ABEDI Z., BEHROUZI S., ESKANDARI S.K. Haematological, blood biochemical and histopathological effects of sublethal cadmium and lead concentrations in common carp. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 20 (2), 2017. https://doi.org/10.15547/bjvm.....
29.
KUMAR R., BANERJEE T. Arsenic induced hematological and biochemical responses in nutritionally important catfish Clarias batrachus (L.). Toxicology Reports. 8 (3), 148, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxr....
30.
ERGÖNÜL M., ALTINDAĞ A., ATASAĞUN S., SHAH S., KARACAKAYA P. Alterations in hematological, immunological and biochemical parameters of tench, Tinca tinca after acute zinc exposure. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. 28 (5), 1357, 2018.
31.
ABDEL-WARITH A.-W.A., YOUNIS E.-S.M., AL-ASGAH N.A., RADY A.M., ALLAM H.Y. Bioaccumulation of lead nitrate in tissues and its effects on hematological and biochemical parameters of Clarias gariepinus. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 27 (3), 840, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs....
32.
MIAH M. Deleterious effects of mercuric chloride on blood biochemistry, liver and kidney histology in female albino mice. Journal of Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2 (2), 18, 2021. https://doi.org/10.47440/JAFE.....
33.
HEDAYATI A., DARABITABAR F. Lethal and sublethal impacts of lead on some hematological, biochemical and immunological indices in Caspian roach (Rutilus rutilus). Pollution. 3 (1), 21, 2017. https://doi.org/10.17795/ajehe....
34.
ISLAM S.M., ROHANI M.F., ZABED S.A., ISLAM M.T., JANNAT R., AKTER Y., SHAHJAHAN M. Acute effects of chromium on hemato-biochemical parameters and morphology of erythrocytes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Toxicology Reports. 7, 664, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxr....
35.
ÖZÇELIK S., CANLI M. Combined effects of metals (Cr6+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) and calcium on the serum biochemistry and food quality of the Nile fish (Oreochromis niloticus). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 115 (10), 104968, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca....
36.
TABAT J.L., JEHU A., KOGI E., HABILA J.D. Sublethal toxicity effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on serum biochemistry in fingerlings and juveniles of fresh water catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 9 (4), 1, 2021.
37.
HEYDARNEJAD M.S., KHOSRAVIAN-HEMAMAI M., NEMATOLLAHI A. Effects of cadmium at sub-lethal concentration on growth and biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Irish Veterinary Journal. 66 (1), 1, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-0....
38.
ALI Z., YOUSAFZAI A.M., SHER N., MUHAMMAD I., NAYAB G.E., AQEEL S.A.M., SHAH S.T., ASCHNER M., KHAN I., KHAN H. Toxicity and bioaccumulation of manganese and chromium in different organs of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fish. Toxicology Reports. 8, 343, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxr....
39.
PICHHODE M., GAHERWAL S. Effect of heavy metal toxicity, arsenic trioxide on the biochemical parameter of fresh water fish, Clarias batrachus. Pollution Research. 39, 123, 2020.
40.
GILL H.K., PAUL K., DUA A. Evaluation of Genotoxic And Biochemical Stress Response To Mercuric Chloride In Erythrocytes of Freshwater Fish Channa Punctatus. Research Square. 2021. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.....
41.
ELARABANY N., BAHNSAWY M., ALFAKHERI M. Effects of cadmium on some haematological and biochemical parameters of African catfish, Clarias graiepinus. African Journal of Biological Sciences. 15 (1), 43, 2019. https://doi.org/10.21608/ajbs.....
42.
SRIVASTAV A.K., RAI R., SUZUKI N., MISHRA D., SRIVASTAV S.K. Effects of lead on the plasma electrolytes of a freshwater fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. International Aquatic Research. 5 (1), 1, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1186/2008-6....
43.
SALAH EL-DEEN M., SALEH R., EL-RAZIK A., ABOHEGAB E. Recorded Changes in some Biochemical indicators of grasscarp ctenopharyngodon idella exposed to mercury and zinc. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries. 5 (2), 57, 2001. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejabf....
44.
VINODHINI R., NARAYANAN M. The impact of toxic heavy metals on the hematological parameters in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science & Engineering. 6 (1), 2009.
45.
MATSUMOTO S.T., MANTOVANI M.S., MALAGUTTII M.I.A., DIAS A.L., FONSECA I.C., MARIN-MORALES M.A. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of water contaminated with tannery effluents, as evaluated by the micronucleus test and comet assay using the fish Oreochromis niloticus and chromosome aberrations in onion root-tips. Genetics and Molecular Biology. 29, 148, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-....
46.
SHAH N., KHAN A., HABIB KHAN N., KHISROON M. Genotoxic consequences in common grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Valenciennes, 1844) exposed to selected toxic metals. Biological Trace Element Research. 199, 305, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011....
47.
KOUSAR S., JAVED M. Diagnosis of metals induced DNA damage in fish using comet assay. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 35 (2), 168, 2015.
48.
ARSLAN Ö.Ç., BOYACIOĞLU M., PARLAK H., KATALAY S., KARAASLAN M.A. Assessment of micronuclei induction in peripheral blood and gill cells of some fish species from Aliağa Bay Turkey. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 94 (1-2), 48, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marp....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
