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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Material Recovery Facility (MRF) as an
Alternative for Specific Waste Management
for Hazardous Materials: Evidence
from Semarang City, Indonesia
1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 50275
2
Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia 50275
Submission date: 2023-12-03
Final revision date: 2024-02-27
Acceptance date: 2024-06-12
Online publication date: 2024-09-19
Publication date: 2025-05-09
Corresponding author
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, 50275, Indonesia
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Jl. Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia, 50275, Indonesia
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(4):4017-4026
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Hazardous and toxic waste (HW) is waste that cannot be decomposed and can have a negative
impact on the surrounding environment. Semarang City is one of the large cities in Indonesia that does
not yet have specific waste management for hazardous and toxic materials, especially in the residential
and office sectors. This research aims to simulate the management of hazardous and toxic waste using
a Material Recovery Facility (MRF) in the residential and office sectors. This paper analyzes the current
situation of processing facilities and plans the capacity for managing toxic hazardous waste using
MRF. This research uses an analysis of existing hazardous and toxic waste management, followed by
population projections and the resulting waste generation. Waste in Semarang City in 2031 amounted
to 862.65 t/d, which includes all types of city waste, including HWs, which can be recycled at the MRF
with an efficiency of 73.03%. The composition of residential waste is dominated by infectious types
of B3 waste at 82.9%, followed by toxic types of B3 waste at 6.9%, flammable at 5.8%, and corrosive
at 4.4%. Meanwhile, the largest amount of B3 waste from the office sector is generated from corrosive
B3 waste, namely 44.9%. This is followed by flammable B3 waste at 20.1%, toxic waste at 19.6%,
and infectious waste at 15.4%. The planned MRF will improve waste processing performance and will
not impact land in landfills. MRF helps improve development in Semarang City by greatly reducing
the burden of waste problems. Apart from that, MRF is a sustainable system that has great economic
value for the Semarang City government at the time of its implementation.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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