Occurrence and Exposure to Lead and Cadmium
and Their Environmental Influence on Eyesight

Kamil Nelke; Małgorzata Mulak; Klaudiusz Łuczak; Wojciech Pawlak; Jan Nienartowicz; Dorota Szumny; Monika Kochman; Hanna Gerber

doi:10.15244/pjoes/39551

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4/2015 vol. 24

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REVIEW PAPER

Occurrence and Exposure to Lead and Cadmium and Their Environmental Influence on Eyesight

Kamil H. Nelke¹, Małgorzata Mulak², Klaudiusz Łuczak¹, Wojciech Pawlak¹, Jan Nienartowicz¹, Dorota Szumny^2,3, Monika Kochman⁴, Hanna Gerber¹

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¹Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw
²Department of Ophthalmology, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw
³Department of Pharmacology, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw
⁴Department of Otolaryngology, Surgery of Head and Neck, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw
Wroclaw Medical University, Poland

Submission date: 2015-02-10

Final revision date: 2015-03-04

Acceptance date: 2015-03-05

Publication date: 2015-07-27

Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2015;24(4):1491-1496

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/39551

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Citations (17)

KEYWORDS

cadmium

TOPICS

ABSTRACT

Nowadays heavy metals in the environment and everyday life are very common. Their usage and influence in industry is essential. Quite often not only the environment but also general human health might be impacted by their use and presence. Metal poisoning and its effect on living structures and tissues impacts their condition. The environment and every living species in it are heavily vulnerable to any heavy metal exposure and might lead to catastrophic natural disasters. In humans skin irritations and general diseases are not so common, but they do appear, and everyone should be aware of this. In this paper we focus on a very special topic related to heavy metal exposure to eyesight and their influence on this important organ. Lead and cadmium are the most common heavy metals used almost everywhere.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

CITATIONS (17):

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