Late wilt disease is a destructive disease of maize crops caused by Cephalosporium maydis. So, field experiments were conducted during the two summer growing seasons, 2020 and 2021, to follow up on the growth of this fungus during plant growth stages by studying the morphological-physiological and anatomical characteristics of infected maize plants. The results showed that disease incidence was increased in the sensitive variety TWC 324 (V2), followed by SC 128 (V3) and SC10 (V1). Also, protein, total phenols, total carbohydrates, total chlorophyll, and enzyme activities such as polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase were increased in the resistant variety SC10 (V1) compared with the sensitive variety TWC 324 (V2). The highest levels of these characters were recorded at 100 days from sowing. Furthermore, the anatomical characteristics of the roots and stems showed that the root and stem diameter, epidermis thickness, cortex thickness, length and width of the vascular bundle, phloem thickness, and xylem vessel diameter were decreased in the sensitive variety TWC 324 (V2) compared with the resistant variety SC10 (V1). Generally, the improvement in physiological and anatomical characteristics of maize variety SC10 (V1) displays the resistance mechanism to Cephalosporium maydis, which causes late wilt disease.