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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Research on Water Quality for Evaluation Using
the Water Quality Index and Multivariate
Statistical Approach of Evrenye
Stream (Kastamonu, Türkiye)
1
Kastamonu University, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Department of Geography, Kastamonu, Türkiye
2
Giresun University, Environmental Engineering Department, Giresun, Türkiye
Submission date: 2024-06-09
Final revision date: 2024-08-04
Acceptance date: 2024-08-15
Online publication date: 2024-10-28
Publication date: 2025-11-04
Corresponding author
Arzu Aydin Uncumusaoglu
Giresun University, Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering,Enviro, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
Giresun University, Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering,Enviro, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(6):7273-7286
KEYWORDS
irrigation qualitytemporal-spatial variationswater quality indexprincipal components analysishierarchical cluster analysis
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study investigates and evaluates the spatial and temporal variations in the water quality of the
Evrenye Stream by identifying the main pollutant sources using a water quality index and a multivariate
statistical approach. Water quality data were obtained monthly in 2021 by considering 28 parameters
from 10 stations. The parameters (PCA) constituting the main components of the water body are also
used in calculating the water quality index. PCA was affected by four main factors explaining 83.69%
of the total variance and pollutants from heavy metals are the pollutant source of this stream. It is
thought that mining enterprises located in the river basin may be responsible for this pollution. The
result of the Water Quality Index (WQI), which is applied according to the annual average data values,
is generally determined as quality water. In the future, freshwater management of the basin, monitoring
is recommended.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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