Taking the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry and the level of green technological innovation of the manufacturing industry in 30 provinces in mainland China, except for Tibet, from 2012 to 2022 as the research object, we follow the research design of “Theoretical analysisvariable measurement-empirical test-countermeasure suggestion”. Following the research design of “theoretical analysis-variable measurement-empirical test-countermeasure suggestion”, we analyze the impact of green technological innovation on the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry under the new development pattern of dual circulation. Firstly, we organize the literature related to the green technology innovation of double-loop manufacturing and the high development of the manufacturing industry, analyze the theory of the three by distinguishing their connotations, construct a theoretical model, and put forward the research hypotheses. Secondly, establish the evaluation index system of green technology innovation and high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, and carry out empirical analysis and test. It is concluded that green technological innovation in the manufacturing industry positively promotes the development of the internal cycle, the internal cycle positively promotes the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, green technological innovation in the manufacturing industry can further promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry by driving the internal cycle, and the external cycle positively regulates the relationship between the internal cycle and the high-quality development of manufacturing industry. Finally, according to the empirical results, this paper puts forward targeted policy recommendations for the high-quality development of China’s manufacturing industry.