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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatial Distribution Characteristics
and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy
Metal Pollution in Chaohu Lake
1
School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
2
Cultivated Land Protection Innovation Demonstration Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei
230601, China
3
Anhui Institute of Ecological Civilization, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
4
Anhui Key Laboratory of water pollution control and wastewater recycling, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601,
China
5
Anhui Key Laboratory of environmental pollution control and waste resource utilization, Anhui Jianzhu University,
Hefei 230601, China
Submission date: 2024-07-09
Final revision date: 2024-09-23
Acceptance date: 2024-10-28
Online publication date: 2025-04-10
Corresponding author
Guangzhou Chen
Cultivated Land Protection Innovation Demonstration Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
Cultivated Land Protection Innovation Demonstration Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230601, China
KEYWORDS
heavy metalsheavy metal pollution indexspatial distribution characteristicshealth risk assessmentChaohu Lake
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Heavy metal pollution poses a serious hazard to the eco-environment due to its toxicity and
persistence. In this study, water samples were collected from 33 points in Chaohu Lake and at the
entrances of rivers flowing into the lake. These samples were analyzed to determine the concentration
levels of 12 heavy metal elements (V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Fe). The results
revealed that Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, and Fe were identified as anthropogenic inputs. According to
the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), which ranged from 2.74 to 49.42, Fe, Mn, Zn, and As were the
primary contributors to pollution. Based on the average sum of heavy metal concentrations at each site
in the three regions of the lake (East, Central, West), the descending order was West>Central>East.
Considering the human health risks posed by heavy metals, ingestive and dermal exposure pathways
were selected to calculate the risks for adults and children. For carcinogenic risk, Ni had the highest
cancer risk, and the highest risk site was S4 in the lake, with risk values of 1.79E-03 for adults
and 2.74E-03 for children. Cr had the second place of total carcinogenic risk, and the highest risk site
was Nanfei River, whose risk value was 1.02E-04 for children. For non-carcinogenic risks, the results
of the Hazard Index (HI) showed that the order of magnitude of average non-carcinogenic risks for
33 sampling sites was As>Co>Pb>Zn>Hg>Mn>Fe>V>Cr>Ni>Cu>Cd. As had potential non-carcinogenic risks in five sampling sites. This study could provide valuable information for water
resource management in the Chaohu Lake basin.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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