The disposal and remediation of heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soil has become a difficult
problem, and the high-temperature roasting process of ceramsite preparation was proposed to be
an effective method to solve the problem. Ceramsite can be used as a multifunctional material in different
scenarios. However, there are few research reports on the potential environmental risks of residual
HMs in ceramsite produced from contaminated soil. In this study, two types of soil were calcined
at temperatures of 200-1100ºC to prepare ceramsite. Special attention was paid to evaluating the stability
of HMs in ceramsite. The results of the SPLP, TCLP, and DTPA tests showed that the HM leaching
concentrations in ceramsite were more than 99% lower than those before roasting, which indicates that
the environmental risk of HMs in ceramsite was significantly reduced. The HMs were solidified by
high-temperature calcination, and this can be confirmed by chemical morphology, mineral morphology,
and microscopic structure analysis. Long-term acid rain extraction experiments showed that the
peak release of HMs in ceramsite occurs in the first three years and then decreases to an ideal level.
This study is of great significance to assess the stability of HMs in ceramsite prepared using
contaminated soil.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES(28)
1.
YAN K., WANG H.Z., LAN Z., ZHOU J.H., FU H.Z., WU L.S., XU J.M. Heavy metal pollution in the soil of contaminated sites in China: Research status and pollution assessment over the past two decades. *Journal of Cleaner Production*, 373 (1), 1, 2022. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle...>.
LI X.N., JIAO W\.T., XIAO R.B., CHEN W\.P., LIU W. Contaminated sites in China: Countermeasures of provincial governments. *Journal of Cleaner Production*, 20 (147), 485, 2017. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle...>.
HAN Q.Y., ZHU Y.M., KE G.Y., HIPEL K.W. An ordinal classification of brownfield remediation projects in China for the allocation of government funding. *Land Use Policy*, 77, 220, 2018. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.land...>.
TANG J.X., ZHU Y.L., WEI Z.P., FENG L.S., YANG N., LUO Q., KONG T. Source identification and human health risk of heavy metals in soil: A case study of industrial areas of northeast China. *Polish Journal of Environmental Studies*, 30 (5), 4687, 2021. <https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes...> PMid:40983060.
LIU L.W., LI W., SONG W\.P., GUO M.X. Remediation techniques for heavy metal-contaminated soils: Principles and applicability. *Science of the Total Environment*, 633 (15), 206, 2018. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit...> PMid:29573687.
LU J.M., YUAN M., HU L.F., YAO H.Y. Migration and transformation of multiple heavy metals in the soil-plant system of e-waste dismantling site. *Microorganisms*, 10 (4), 725, 2022. <https://doi.org/10.3390/microo...> PMid:35456776 PMCid:PMC9030041.
SHAKIL S., NAWAZ K., SADEF Y. Evaluation and environmental risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil released from e-waste management activities in Lahore, Pakistan. *Environmental Monitoring and Assessment*, 195 (1), 89, 2023. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661...> PMid:36350494.
CAO L.N., XIANG H.Y., YANG P., ZHANG Z.X., HE C.G., LIN C.L., GAO Y.F., LI Y., BERNHARDT T.M. Towards sustainable and efficient land development: Risk of soil heavy metal(loid)s in abandoned gold mines with short-term rehabilitation and potential value for targeted remediation. *Land Degradation & Development*, 33 (18), 3855, 2022. <https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.44...>.
NEJAD Z.D., JUNG M.C., KIM K.H. Remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals with an emphasis on immobilization technology. *Environmental Geochemistry and Health*, 40 (3), 927, 2018. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653...> PMid:28447234.
WANG J.X., FU H.Y., XU D.M., MU Z.Q., FU R.B. The remediation mechanisms and effects of chemical amendments for heavy metals in contaminated soils: A review of literature. *Polish Journal of Environmental Studies*, 31 (5), 4511, 2022. <https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes...>.
ANDERSON R., NORMAN J., BACK P.E., SODERQVIST T., ROSEN L. What's the point? The contribution of a sustainability view in contaminated site remediation. *Science of the Total Environment*, 630 (15), 103, 2018. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit...> PMid:29475112.
BOLAN N., KUNHIKRISHMAN A., THANGARAJAN R., KUMPIENE J., PARK J., MAKINO T., KIRKHAN M.B., SCHECKEL K. Remediation of heavy metal(loid)s contaminated soils—To mobilize or to immobilize? *Journal of Hazardous Materials*, 266 (15), 141, 2014. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz...> PMid:24394669.
QIN F.X., WEI C.F., LI H.M. Current research in remediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. *Environmental Science & Technology*, 38 (12Q), 199, 2015.
CAO X.D., LIANG Y., ZHAO L., LE H.Y. Mobility of Pb, Cu, and Zn in phosphorus-amended contaminated soils under simulated landfill and rainfall conditions. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research*, 20 (9), 5913, 2013. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356...> PMid:23263754.
LIU J.J., ZHA F.S., XU L., YANG C.B., CHU C.F., TAN X.H. Effect of chloride attack on strength and leaching properties of solidified/stabilized heavy metal contaminated soils. *Engineering Geology*, 246 (28), 28, 2018. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engg...>.
MENG F.D., YUAN G.D., WEI J., BI D.X., OK Y.S., WANG H.L. Humic substances as a washing agent for Cd-contaminated soils. *Chemosphere*, 181, 461, 2017. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem...> PMid:28458221.
YANG Z.H., DONG C.D., CHEN C.W., SHEU Y.T., KAO C.M. Using poly‑glutamic acid as soil-washing agent to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. *Environmental Science and Pollution Research*, 25 (6), 1, 2017. <https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356...> PMid:28528500.
ZENG P., GUO Z.H., XIAO X.Y., PENG C., FENG W\.L., XIN L.Q., XU Z. Phytoextraction potential of *Pteris vittata* L. co-planted with woody species for As, Cd, Pb and Zn in contaminated soil. *Science of the Total Environment*, 650 (10), 594, 2019. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit...> PMid:30205349.
LI Y.Q., WANG H.Z., ZHANG J., YU S.B., MIAO W\.J. A feasibility study on co-processing of soil contaminated with heavy metals in cement kilns. *Applied Mechanics and Materials*, 768, 135, 2015. <https://doi.org/10.4028/www.sc...>.
DING W\.H., ZHU L., LI H., HOU B., YANG F., HAN J.Y. Mechanical and thermal properties of shale ceramsite concrete: Influence of microencapsulated phase‑change material content and cycle numbers. *Advances in Civil Engineering*, 2022 (13), 1, 2022. <https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2...>.
WANG S.J., HE P.J., LU W\.T., SHAO L.M., ZHANG H. Comparison of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu chlorination during pyrolysis and incineration. *Fuel*, 194 (15), 257, 2017. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel...>.
FAN C.H., QIAN J.S., YANG Y., SUN H.Q., SONG J.P., FAN Y.R. Green ceramsite production via calcination of chromium‑contaminated soil and Cr(VI) immobilization mechanisms. *Journal of Cleaner Production*, 315 (15), 128204, 2021. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle...>.
LI C.M., SONG B., CHEN Z.L., LIU Z.Q., YU L., ZHI Z.J., ZHAO Y., WEI H., SONG M. Immobilization of heavy metals in ceramsite prepared using contaminated soils: Effectiveness and potential mechanisms. *Chemosphere*, 310 (1), 136846, 2023. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem...> PMid:36243092.
GB36600‑2018. Chinese National Standard. Soil environmental quality: Risk control standard for soil contamination of development land. Ministry of Ecology and Environment. 2018.
GB/T 14848‑2017. Chinese National Standard. Standard for groundwater quality. General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the PRC. 2017.
QURESHI A.A., KAZI T.G., BAIG J.A., ARAIN M.B., AFRIDI H.I. Exposure of heavy metals in coal gangue soil inside and outside mining areas using BCR and vortex-assisted extraction methods: Impact on orchard grass. *Chemosphere*, 255, 126960, 2020. <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem...> PMid:32388264.
Properties optimization of high-strength ceramsite prepared from coal gangue and iron ore tailings Wenzhuo Ma, Jian Pan, Deqing Zhu, Tao Dong, Zhengqi Guo, Congcong Yang, Siwei Li, Wuju Zhang Construction and Building Materials
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.