ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Techno-Economic Analysis and Feasibility
Study of Malic Acid Production Using Crude
Glycerol from Biodiesel Refineries
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1
Centre for Biotechnology, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai-25, India
2
Department of Biotechnology, SRM Easwari Engineering College, Ramapuram, Chennai 600089, India
Submission date: 2024-12-08
Final revision date: 2025-05-23
Acceptance date: 2025-10-02
Online publication date: 2025-12-03
Corresponding author
J. Jayamuthunagai
Biotechnology, Alagappa College of Technology Anna University, Guindy, 600025, Chennai, India
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ABSTRACT
The present investigation undertakes a comprehensive techno-economic analysis to assess
the viability of producing malic acid sustainably from crude glycerol, obtained as a byproduct of
biodiesel refining, at an industrial scale of 100 MT/day, utilizing simulation models developed from
earlier studies. In this process, 4.1 MT of malic acid and 0.45 MT of bioethanol were produced per day.
The high-value malic acid production plant is projected to require a total capital investment
of $20.46 M, accompanied by annual operating expenses of $45.46 M. The annual revenue is estimated
at $61.60 M, with key economic indicators including an internal rate of return (IRR) of 10.93%,
a payback period of 6.71 years, a return on investment (ROI) of 14.90%, and a net present value (NPV)
of $11.90 M. The minimum selling price (MSP) of malic acid is $3.6/kg, with the minimized achievable
margin of the MSP at $2.9/kg at 30% solid loading, demonstrating the process’s economic viability
and potential for low-cost malic acid production.