The construction of the green Belt and Road is an important part for the transformation of regional economy to green development and also important objects of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This study establishes a coupling coordination measurement model, and used entropy method combined with and spatial statistics tools, to valuate and analyze the coupling coordination level and its geographical distribution between economic development and ecological environment of 55 countries along the Belt and Road. Most countries have been making a significant progress in sustainability efforts, in a stage of basic coordination and preliminary incoordination. Regions with a relatively high coupling coordination degree are mainly concentrated in East Asia and Europe, while areas with severe ecological pollution and low coupling coordination degree are predominantly in Central and West Asia and Africa. The coupling coordination level results indicates a significant global spatial correlation and a ladder-like geographical distribution that descends from west to east along the Belt and Road region, presenting a spatial agglomeration pattern for economyenvironment system high-high regions and low-low regions. This study could be helpful for policy making to promote green and coordinated development based on differentiated strategies adapt to local conditions.