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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Does Geopolitical Risk Endanger
Energy Resilience? Empirical Evidence
from Cross-Country Data
1
College of Criminal Justice, Henan University of Economics and Law, Zhengzhou 450046, China
2
Business School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3
Business School, Nanning University, Nanning 530200, China
Submission date: 2024-01-27
Final revision date: 2024-04-18
Acceptance date: 2024-05-01
Online publication date: 2024-09-02
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2589-2607
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
With geopolitical tensions rising, energy supply chain shortages emerging, and natural gas prices
skyrocketing, dealing with geopolitical risk and ensuring energy security are attracting increasing
attention from countries around the world, and the need for energy resilience has never been more
urgent. To probe the causality between geopolitical risk and energy resilience, the paper establishes
an energy resilience based on the panel data of 20 countries from 2000 to 2019 for empirical analysis.
The results indicate that geopolitical risk improves energy resilience, and the conclusions still hold after
a series of robustness tests. Moreover, this study also tests the underlying heterogeneity characteristics.
To explore the influencing mechanism, this paper proposes that geopolitical risk has an impact on
energy resilience through the scale effect, structural effect, and technological effect. Specifically, this
paper concludes that geopolitical risk will not endanger energy resilience, which is mainly attributed to
the fact that the dependence of countries on fossil energy for energy consumption hinders the negative
effect of geopolitical risk on energy resilience. Finally, conclusions and policy implications are provided.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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