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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Environment Friendly Synthesis of Novel Schiff
Base-Derived Nano Metal Complexes Using
Green Solvents for Enhanced Biological Activity
1
College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
2
Department of Environmental Sciences and Policy, Lahore School of Economics, Lahore-53200, Pakistan
3
Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex,
Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54570, Pakistan
Submission date: 2024-01-04
Final revision date: 2024-02-20
Acceptance date: 2024-04-27
Online publication date: 2024-10-21
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Corresponding author
Muhammad Zaheer
Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54570, Pakistan
Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore-54570, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2023-2035
KEYWORDS
Aldehydeantimicrobial activityantioxidant activitygreen synthesismonometallic complexesplant extract
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This study uses an environmentally friendly approach to explore a new synthetic pathway for Schiff
bases and their metal complexes. A new Schiff base ligand (C) was synthesized by reacting 7-aminodeacetoxycephalosporanic
acid with benzaldehyde. The resulting Schiff base was then reacted with
three transition metal (Zn, Fe, and Mn) nanoparticles facilitated by ethanolic extracts from three different
plant leaves (Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica, and Trigonella foenum-graecum) to formulate
environmentally friendly nanometal complexes (C1 to C9), which were subsequently evaluated for
their anti-bacterial and antioxidant activities. These complexes exhibited crystallite sizes in the range
of 7.24-64.24 nm. Structural, compositional, and elemental analysis of the Schiff base ligand and its
metal complexes was carried out using FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, XRD, and SEM-EDX, which confirmed
the integration of metal moieties within non-uniform sheet-like nanostructures. The thermal
properties of all synthesized samples were quantified via TGA, which provides a comprehensive understanding
of the thermal properties and decomposition mechanisms of Schiff bases and their metal
complexes. Assessment of the antibacterial activity of the Schiff bases and their complexes revealed
strong action against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)
and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Xanthomonas campestris) strains. The prepared samples
showed antioxidant activity in the following order: C4 > C5 > C6 > C1 > C2 > C3 > C7 > C8 > C9.
Most of the samples, particularly the Zn-complex derived from Moringa, exhibit promising potential for
pharmaceutical applications.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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