This study aims to evaluate the carbon sequestration potential and cork harvesting practices in a cork oak (Quercus suber) stand in Tunisia, where this species accounts for approximately 6% of the country’s total forested area. Based on dendrometric data collected through field sampling and biomass prediction equations specifically developed for cork oak in Tunisia, the studied plot is characterized by an average density of 287 stems/ha and a basal area of approximately 30 m²/ha, and stores an estimated average of 69 t/ha of carbon. This stock is partitioned between aboveground biomass (51.6±7.7 t/ha) and belowground biomass (root biomass) (17.6±2 t/ha). The wood and cork of the main stem account for the majority of aboveground carbon (43% and 39%, respectively), while branches and foliage contribute 28%. These results highlight the crucial role of cork oak forests as carbon sinks. Analysis of debarking practices reveals significant variability in the coefficients applied (0.48 to 3.82 × CBH; CBH: Circumference at Breast Height), whereas recommended values are expected to range between 1.5 and 2.5. This heterogeneity leads to the overexploitation of small trees and the underexploitation of large ones, resulting in both economic losses and tree weakening. The estimated cork yield over an 11-year cycle shows that applying optimal coefficients could bring cork production closer to the theoretical potential of 345 tons for the plot, corresponding to a coefficient of 2.5 × CBH. Furthermore, nearly 9% of exploitable trees still retain their male cork, representing an additional loss of potential revenue. These results highlight the need to optimize and harmonize debarking practices, adapt interventions to the actual size of the trees, and strengthen silvicultural monitoring to ensure sustainable, profitable, and ecologically efficient management of cork oak forests in Tunisia.