About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed in...
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Notes to Authors
Frequently Asked Questions
Editorial policies
PJOES Publication Policy Overview
PJOES Peer Review Policy
PJOES Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
PJOES Plagiarism Policy
PJOES Conflict of Interest Policy
PJOES Open Access Policy
PJOES Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Archive
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Exploring Multivariate Relationships Among
Seed Morphometric and Yield-Related Traits
in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
1
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore
2
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
3
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha
4
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore Sargodha Campus
5
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
6
College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
7
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture Food Science, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
8
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2023-12-24
Final revision date: 2024-03-11
Acceptance date: 2024-04-20
Online publication date: 2024-09-03
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Corresponding author
Muhammad Jamil
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
Usman Zulfiqar
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2003-2010
KEYWORDS
digital image analysis (DIA)digital ground cover (DGC)PCAstructural equation modeling (SEM)grain yield (GY)
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Correlation and path analysis for seed morphometric as well as yield-related traits were performed
on five bread wheat varieties, each sown on an area of one acre; this investigation was carried out to
check the influence of these traits on the grain yield of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Digital
image analysis (DIA) is a quantitative technique to phenotype seed morphometric characteristics with
high accuracy. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship bdeetween ground
cover (GC) and seed size and grain yield (GY). Significantly important traits were identified by principal
component analysis (PCA). Applying the multiple linear regression model, grain yield was predicted
with the help of ground cover and seed shape traits. The association of the studied traits was quantified
with a structural equation model. The impact of spikes per meter square (SPMS) and thousand kernel
weights (TKW) on grain yield was significant (p-value <.01). Plant height has a detrimental impact
on grain yield, and the grain yield was influenced by two features: spikes per meter square (SPMS)
and grain weight per spike (GWS), which have a direct impact on thousand kernel weight (TKW).
The present research aims to feature the relationship between yield-contributing characteristics and the digital ground cover of the wheat crop. The present work uncovered the fact that digital ground
cover (DGC) influences the seed length, area, and perimeter.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (33)
1.
MOLLASADEGHI V., SHAHRYARI R. Important morphological markers for improvement of yield in bread wheat. Advances in Environmental Biology, 5, 538, 2012.
2.
COOPER M., WOODRUFFB D.R., PHILLIPSA I.G., BASFORDA K.E., GILMOURC A.R. Genotype-by management interactions for grain yield and grain protein concentration of wheat. Field Crops Research, 69, 47, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-....
3.
EVANS L.T., FISCHER R.A. Yield potential: Its definition, measurement and significance. Crop Science, 39, 1544, 1999. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsc....
4.
BOTWRIGHT T.L., CONDON A.G., REBTZKE G.J., RICHARDS R.A. Field evaluation of early vigour for genetic improvement of grain yield in wheat. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 47, 1137, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR0200....
5.
RICHARDS R.A., LUKACS Z. Seedling vigour in wheat - sources of variation for genetic and agronomic improvement. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 53, 41, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1071/AR0014....
6.
DANIEL J., MULLAN A.B., REYNOLDS M.P. Quantifying genetic effects of ground cover on soil water evaporation using digital imaging. Functional Plant Biology, 37, 703, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP0927....
7.
VARMA V.S., DURGA K., KESHAVULU K.L. Seed image analysis: its applications in seed science research. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 1, 30, 2013.
8.
WILLIAMS K., MUNKVOLD J., SORRELLS M. Comparison of digital image analysis using elliptic Fourier descriptors and major dimensions to phenotype seed shape in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Euphytica, 190, 99, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681....
9.
RAMYA P., CHAUBAL A., KULKARNI K., GUPTA L., KADOO N., DHALIWAL H.S., CHHUNEJA P., LAGU M., GUPT V. QTL mapping of 1000-kernel weight, kernel length, and kernel width in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Journal of Applied Genetics, 51, 421, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0320....
10.
CUI F.A., DING A., LI J.U.N., ZHAO C., LI X., FENG D., WANG X., WANG L., GAO J., WANG H. Wheat kernel dimensions: how do they contribute to kernel weight at an individual QTL level. Journal of Genetics, 90, 409, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12041....
11.
JAMIL M., ALI A., GHAFOOR A., AKBAR K.F., NAPAR A.A., NAVEED N.H., YASIN N.A., GUL A., KAZI A.M. Digital image analysis of seed shape influenced by heat stress in diverse bread wheat germplasm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49, 1279, 2017.
12.
ZAFARNADERI N., AHARIZAD S., MOHAMMADI S.A. Relationship between grain yield and related agronomic traits in bread wheat recombinant inbred lines under water deficit condition. Annals of Biological Research, 4, 7, 2013.
13.
DAĞÜSTÜ N. Genetic analysis of grain yield per spike and some agronomic traits in diallel crosses of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 32, 249, 2008.
14.
JAMIL M., ALI A., GHAFOOR A., AKBAR K.F., NAPAR A.A., NAVEED N.H., YASIN N.A., GUL A.L.V.I.N.A., MUJEEB-KAZI A. Digital image analysis of seed shape influenced by heat stress in diverse bread wheat germplasm. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49, 1279, 2017.
15.
AHMED B., KHALIL I.R., IQBAL M., RAHMAN H.U. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation among yield components in bread wheat under normal and late plantings. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 26, 259, 2010.
16.
FELLAHI Z., HANNACHI A., BOUZERZOUR H., BOUTEKRABT A. Correlation between traits and path analysis coefficient for grain yield and other quantitative traits in bread wheat under semi arid conditions. Journal of Agriculture and Sustainability, 1, 16, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/2....
17.
LEILAH A.A., AL-KHATEEB S.A. Statistical analysis of wheat yield under drought conditions. Journal of Arid Environments, 61, 483, 2005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jari....
18.
NASRI R., KASHANI A., PAKNEJAD F., VAZAN S., BARARY M. Correlation, path analysis and stepwise regression in yield and yield component in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the temperate climate of Ilam province, Iran. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Science, 4, 2231, 2014.
19.
SOLEYMANIFARD A., NASERI R., MORADI M. The study genetic variation and factor analysis for agronomic traits of Durum wheat genotypes using cluster analysis and path analysis under drought stress condition in western of Iran. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences, 3, 479, 2012.
20.
CABRAL A.L., JORDAN M.C., LARSON G., SOMERS D.J., HUMPHREYS D.G., MCCARTNEY C.A. Relationship between QTL for grain shape, grain weight, test weight, milling yield, and plant height in the spring wheat cross RL4452/'AC Domain'. Plos One, 13, 1, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
21.
NUKASANI V., POTDUKHE N.R., BHARAD S., DESHMUKH S., SHINDE S.M. Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis in wheat. Journal of Wheat Research, 5, 48, 2013.
22.
ALEMU G. Review on the effect of seed source and size on grain yield of bread wheat (Tritium aestivum L.). Journal of Ecology & Natural Resources, 3, 000155, 2019. https://doi.org/10.23880/jenr-....
23.
BRINTON J., UAUY C. A reductionist approach to dissecting grain weight and yield in wheat. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 61, 337, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.1....
24.
MANGINI G., BLANCO A., NIGRO D., SIGNORILE M.A., SIMEONE R. Candidate genes and quantitative trait loci for grain yield and seed size in durum wheat. Plants, 10, 312, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants....
25.
MAHPARA S., ZAINAB A., ULLAH R., KAUSAR S., BILAL M., LATIF M.I., ARIF M., AKHTAR I., ALHASHIMI A., ELSHIKH M.S., ZIVCAK M., ZUAN A.T.K. The impact of PEG-induced drought stress on seed germination and seedling growth of different bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Plos One, 17, 2354500, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa....
26.
ELHADI G.M.I., KAMAL N.M., GORAFI Y.S.A., YAMASAKI Y., TAKATA K., TAHIR I.S.A., ITAM M.O., TANAKA H., TSUJIMOTO H. Exploitation of tolerance of wheat kernel weight and shape-related traits from Aegilops tauschii under heat and combined heat-drought stresses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22, 1, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22....
27.
ALI A., ULLAH Z., ALAM N., NAQVI S.M.S., JAMIL M., BUX H., SHER H. Genetic analysis of wheat grains using digital imaging and their relationship to enhance grain weight. Scientia Agricola, 77, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9....
28.
LI S., WANG L., MENG Y., HAO Y., XU H., HAO M., LAN S., ZHANG Y., LV L., ZHANG K., PENG X., LAN C., LI X., ZHANG Y. Dissection of genetic basis underpinning kernel weight-related traits in common wheat. Plants, 10, 713, 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants....
29.
THAKUR V., RANE J., NANKAR A.N. Comparative analysis of canopy cooling in wheat under high temperature and drought stress. Agronomy, 12, 978, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
30.
DWIVEDI S.L., SPILLANE C., LOPEZ F., AYELE B.T., ORTIZ R. First the seed: Genomic advances in seed science for improved crop productivity and food security. Crop Science, 61, 1501, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.2....
31.
IQBAL M.M., KHAN I., SANAULLAH M., FAROOQ M. Influence of seed size on the growth, productivity, and water use efficiency of bread wheat planted by different methods. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 67, 354, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/036503....
32.
WANG C., ZHANG L., XIE Y., GUO X., ZHANG Y., ZHANG Y., IRSHAD A., LI Y., QIAN H., JING D., LIU G. A superior allele of the wheat gene TaGL3.3-5B, selected in the breeding process, contributes to seed size and weight. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135, 1879, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122....
33.
GENAEV M.A., KOMYSHEV E.G., SMIRNOV N.V., KRUCHININA Y.V., GONCHAROV N.P., AFONNIKOV D.A. Morphometry of the wheat spike by analyzing 2D images. Agronomy, 9, 390, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
