About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Ownership and Management Statement
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed by
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Publication Frequency
Revenue Sources & Business Model
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Instructions for Authors
Copyright & Licensing
Publication Fees
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
Archive
Publication Fees
Copyright & Licensing
Editorial policies
Publication Policy Overview
Peer Review Policy
Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
Plagiarism Policy
Conflict of Interest Policy
Open Access Policy
Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Advertising Policy
Direct Marketing & Manuscript Solicitation
Digital Archiving and Preservation Policy
CrossMark, Correction, and Retraction Policy
eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Impact of Microplastic on Roadside
Vegetable Cultivation: A Case Study
of Agricultural Farmland
1
Department of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture Multan, 66000, Pakistan
2
Department of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
3
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Botany, University of Central Punjab, Constituent Punjab College Yazman Road Bahawalpur,
63100 Pakistan
5
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230601, China
6
Institute of Forest Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
7
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur,
Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
8
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture Food Science, King Saud University,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
9
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2024-01-16
Final revision date: 2024-02-27
Acceptance date: 2024-04-30
Online publication date: 2024-09-04
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Corresponding author
Muhammad Jafir
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230601, China
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University Hefei 230601, China
Usman Zulfiqar
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2525-2538
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Microplastic (MPs) pollution poses a significant threat to environmental integrity, particularly in
agricultural areas adjacent to roads. There is a dire need to know the occurrence of MPs on roadside
vegetable farmlands and their effect on the agro-ecosystem. Therefore, the study was planned to
investigate the influence of MPs on the growth and development of roadside vegetables in the city of
Multan, Pakistan. Analysis indicated that fiber, microbeads, and polythene bag particles were the main
types of MPs. The concentration of MPs was inversely correlated with the distance of farmlands from
the road. The maximum concentration of MPs (3490-3540 items/kg) was observed in the farmlands
near the road (site-1), while the minimum MPs (2698-2761 items/kg) were measured in the farmlands
located away from the road (site-3). Additionally, plant analysis showed that chlorophyll contents (a &
b) and ascorbic acid (AsA) contents measured in all the vegetables were directly correlated with the
distance from the road respectively Chl-a [(site-1 0.07-0.17), (site-2 0.14-0.20), (site-3 0.19-0.22 mg. g-1
FW), Chl-b [(site-1 0.04-0.23), (site-2 0.09-0.28) (site-3 0.17-0.36 mg g-1 FW)], AsA (site-1 0.54-0.64),
(site-2 0.95-1.13), (site-3 1.57-1.82 μmol g-1)] and malondialdehyde (MDA) [(site-1 6.16-14.5), (site-2 6.03-13.16), (site-3 5.16-11.33 nmol g-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) [(site-1 200-224),
(site-2 175.33-199.6) (site-3 157.33-136.33 U g-1 FW)], h ydrogen peroxide (H2O2) [(site-1 12.5-14.66),
(site-2 6.16-10), (site-3 3.66-6.66 nmol g-1 FW)] and carotenoids contents [(site-1 0.058-0.099),
(site-2 0.033-0.069), (site-3 0.014-0.029 mg g-1 FW)] were inversely correlated with the distance from the
road. This study reveals the phytotoxicity of MPs for plant growth and yield as well as hazardous for
animals due to their possible transfer into the food chain. Our findings highlight the detrimental effects
of MP contamination on plant growth and yield, emphasizing the urgent need for mitigation strategies
for food security.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (82)
1.
ALIMI O.S., FARNER BUDARZ J., HERNANDEZ L.M., TUFENKJI N. Microplastics and nanoplastics in aquatic environments: aggregation, deposition, and enhanced contaminant transport. Environmental science & technology, 52 (4), 1704, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:29265806 PMCid:PMC10088809.
2.
HORTON A.A., WALTON A., SPURGEON D.J., LAHIVE E., SVENDSEN C. Microplastics in freshwater and terrestrial environments: evaluating the current understanding to identify the knowledge gaps and future research priorities. Science of the total environment, 586, 127, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:28169032 PMCid:PMC10088809.
3.
ATTA N., SHAHBAZ M., FARHAT F., MAQSOOD M.F., ZULFIQAR U., NAZ N., AHMED M.M., HASSAN N.U., MUJAHID N., MUSTAFA A.E., ELSHIKH M.S. Proline-mediated redox regulation in wheat for mitigating nickel-induced stress and soil decontamination. Scientific Reports, 14, 456, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598... PMid:38172153 PMCid:PMC10764790.
4.
DEY A., DHUMAL C.V., SENGUPTA P., KUMAR A., PRAMANIK N.K., ALAM T. Challenges and possible solutions to mitigate the problems of single-use plastics used for packaging food items: A review. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58 (9), 3251, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197... PMid:34366444 PMCid:PMC8292525.
5.
SUARIA G., AVIO C.G., MINEO A., LATTIN G.L., MAGALDI M.G., BELMONTE G., MOORE C.J., REGOLI F., ALIANI S. The Mediterranean Plastic Soup: synthetic polymers in Mediterranean surface waters. Scientific reports, 6 (1), 1, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37... PMid:27876837 PMCid:PMC5120331.
6.
UWAMUNGU J.Y., WANG Y., SHI G., PAN S., WANG Z., WANG L., YANG S. Microplastic contamination in soil agro-ecosystems: a review. Environmental Advances, 100273, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enva....
7.
YU H., ZHANG Y., TAN W., ZHANG Z. Microplastics as an emerging environmental pollutant in agricultural soils: effects on ecosystems and human health. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 217, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.....
8.
VERMA K.K., SONG X.-P., XU L., HUANG H.-R., SETH C.S., LI Y.-R. Nano-microplastic and agro-ecosystems: a mini-review. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1283852, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2... PMid:38053770 PMCid:PMC10694274.
9.
CORRÊA T.R., GAYLARDE C.C., BAPTISTA NETO J.A., DELGADO J.D.F., LIMA L.D.S., CUNHA D.L., DA FONSECA E.M. The Impact of Microplastics on Global Food Production: A Brief Overview of This Complex Sector. Microplastics, 2 (4), 371, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/microp....
10.
RILLIG M.C. Microplastic in terrestrial ecosystems and the soil? ACS Publications, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1021/es3020... PMid:22676039.
11.
DUIS K., COORS A. Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: sources (with a specific focus on personal care products), fate and effects. Environmental Sciences Europe, 28 (1), 1, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302... PMid:27752437 PMCid:PMC5044952.
12.
SUNDT P., SCHULZE P.-E., SYVERSEN F. Sources of microplastic-pollution to the marine environment. Mepex for the Norwegian Environment Agency, 86, 20, 2014.
13.
LI W.C., TSE H., FOK L. Plastic waste in the marine environment: A review of sources, occurrence and effects. Science of the total environment, 566, 333, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:27232963.
14.
LOZANO Y.M., RILLIG M.C. Effects of microplastic fibers and drought on plant communities. Environmental science & technology, 54 (10), 6166, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:32289223 PMCid:PMC7241422.
15.
ZHANG Y., KANG S., ALLEN S., ALLEN D., GAO T., SILLANPÄÄ M. Atmospheric microplastics: A review on current status and perspectives. Earth-Science Reviews, 203, 103118, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ears....
16.
BLÄSING M., AMELUNG W. Plastics in soil: Analytical methods and possible sources. Science of the total environment, 612, 422, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:28863373 PMCid:PMC11496196.
17.
PIGNATTELLI S., BROCCOLI A., RENZI M. Physiological responses of garden cress (L. sativum) to different types of microplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 727, 138609, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:32339829.
18.
JIANG X., CHEN H., LIAO Y., YE Z., LI M., KLOBUČAR G. Ecotoxicity and genotoxicity of polystyrene microplastics on higher plant Vicia faba. Environmental Pollution, 250, 831, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:31051394.
19.
BOOTS B., RUSSELL C.W., GREEN D.S. Effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems: above and below ground. Environmental science & technology, 53 (19), 11496, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:31509704 PMCid:PMC11496196.
20.
DE SOUZA MACHADO A.A., KLOAS W., ZARFL C., HEMPEL S., RILLIG M.C. Microplastics as an emerging threat to terrestrial ecosystems. Global change biology, 24 (4), 1405, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14... PMid:29245177 PMCid:PMC5834940.
21.
IQBAL B., ZHAO X., KHAN K.Y., JAVED Q., NAZAR M., KHAN I., ZHAO X., LI G., DU D. Microplastics meet invasive plants: Unraveling the ecological hazards to agroecosystems. Science of the Total Environment, 906, 167756, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:37832681 PMCid:PMC11326588.
22.
IQBAL B., ZHAO T., YIN W., ZHAO X., XIE Q., KHAN K.Y., ZHAO X., NAZAR M., LI G., DU D. Impacts of soil microplastics on crops: A review. Applied Soil Ecology, 181, 104680, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apso... PMCid:PMC11326588.
23.
AHMAD T., AMJAD M., IQBAL Q., BATOOL A., NOOR A., JAFIR M., HUSSAIN H., IRFAN M. Occurrence of microplastics and heavy metals in aquatic and agroecosystem: a case study. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 109 (2), 266, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128... PMid:35451601.
24.
JIA L., TANVEER M., HUANG L. Microplastic stress in plants: effects on plant growth and their remediations. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1226484, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2... PMid:37636098 PMCid:PMC10452891.
25.
OZFIDAN-KONAKCI C., YILDIZTUGAY E., ARIKAN B., ALP-TURGUT F.N., TURAN M., CAVUSOGLU H., SAKALAK H. Responses of individual and combined polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate nanoplastics on hormonal content, fluorescence/photochemistry of chlorophylls and ROS scavenging capacity in Lemna minor under arsenic-induced oxidative stress. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 196, 93, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.free... PMid:36657731.
26.
RILLIG M.C., LEHMANN A., DE SOUZA MACHADO A.A., YANG G. Microplastic effects on plants. New Phytologist, 223 (3), 1066, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15... PMid:30883812.
27.
GIORGETТИ L., SPANÒ C., MUCCIFORA S., BOTTEGA S., BARBIERI F., BELLANI L., CASTIGLIONE M.R. Exploring the interaction between polystyrene nanoplastics and Allium cepa during germination: Internalization in root cells, induction of toxicity and oxidative stress. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 149, 170, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plap... PMid:32070910.
28.
LIAN J., WU J., XIONG H., ZEB A., YANG T., SU X., SU L., LIU W. Impact of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Journal of hazardous materials, 385, 121620, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz... PMid:31744724.
29.
HAHLADAKIS J.N. et al. An overview of chemical additives present in plastics. Journal of hazardous materials, 344, 179, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz... PMid:29035713 PMCid:PMC7062270.
30.
LIRA-SALDIVAR R. et al. Gas exchange, yield and fruit quality of Cucurbita pepo cultivated with zeolite and plastic mulch, 123, 2017. https://doi.org/10.12871/00021....
31.
KADER M. et al. Recent advances in mulching materials and methods for modifying soil environment. Soil and Tillage Research, 168, 155, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stil....
32.
LIU E., HE W., YAN C. 'White revolution' to 'white pollution' – agricultural plastic film mulch in China. Environmental Research Letters, 9 (9), 091001, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9....
33.
PEZZUTO A. et al. Effectiveness of washing procedures in reducing Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes. Frontiers in microbiology, 7, 1663, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.... PMid:27812356 PMCid:PMC5071777.
34.
LOSIO M. et al. Microbiological survey of raw and ready-to-eat leafy green vegetables. International journal of food microbiology, 210, 88, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfo... PMid:26114592.
36.
LIU M. et al. Microplastic and mesoplastic pollution in farmland soils in suburbs of Shanghai. Environmental Pollution, 242, 855, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:30036839.
37.
JABEEN K. et al. Microplastics and mesoplastics in fish from waters of China. Environmental Pollution, 221, 141, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:27939629.
38.
ARNON D.I. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiology, 24 (1), 1, 1949. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.24.... PMid:16654194 PMCid:PMC437905.
39.
ZIA-UR-REHMAN M. et al. Nanoparticles assisted regulation of oxidative stress. Chemosphere, 314, 137649, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem... PMid:36587917.
40.
RIZWAN M. et al. Zinc and iron oxide nanoparticles improved plant growth. Chemosphere, 214, 269, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem... PMid:30265934.
41.
MUKHERJEE S., CHOUDHURI M. Implications of water stress. Physiologia plantarum, 58 (2), 166, 1983. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399....
42.
GIANNOPOLITIS C.N., RIES S.K. Superoxide dismutases. Plant physiology, 59 (2), 309, 1977. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.59.... PMid:16659839 PMCid:PMC542387.
43.
CAKMAK I., HORST W.J. Aluminium effects. Physiologia plantarum, 83 (3), 463, 1991. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399....
44.
VELIKOVA V. et al. Acid rain-treated bean plants. Plant science, 151 (1), 59, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-....
45.
LV W. et al. Microplastic pollution in rice-fish co-culture. Science of the total environment, 652, 1209, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:30586807.
46.
PIEHL S. et al. Identification of macro- and microplastics. Scientific reports, 8, 1, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598... PMid:30560873 PMCid:PMC6299006.
47.
FULLER S., GAUTAM A. Measuring microplastics. Environmental science & technology, 50, 5774, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:27172172.
48.
SCHEURER M., BIGALKE M. Microplastics in Swiss soils. Environmental science & technology, 52, 3591, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:29446629.
49.
DONG Y. et al. Polystyrene particles reduce lettuce quality. Environmental Pollution, 278, 116871, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:33714058.
50.
NG E.-L. et al. Overview of microplastic pollution. Science of the total environment, 627, 1377, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:30857101 PMCid:PMC11496196.
51.
NIZZETTO L., FUTTER M., LANGAAS S. Are agricultural soils dumps for urban microplastics? ACS Publications, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:27682621.
52.
CHEN Y., LENG Y., LIU X., WANG J. Microplastic pollution in vegetable farmlands of suburb Wuhan, central China. Environmental Pollution, 257, 113449, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:31706776.
53.
WAGNER M. et al. Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems. Environmental Sciences Europe, 26, 1, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302... PMid:28936382 PMCid:PMC5566174.
54.
KOLE P.J. et al. Wear and tear of tyres. IJERPH, 14 (10), 1265, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph... PMid:29053641 PMCid:PMC5664766.
57.
BOUCHER J., FRIOT D. Primary microplastics in oceans. IUCN, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.C....
58.
HENRY B. et al. Microfibres from apparel. Science of the total environment, 652, 483, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:30368178.
59.
GAO M. et al. Polyethylene microplastic impacts. Chemosphere, 237, 124482, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chem... PMid:31398608.
60.
BOWLER C. et al. Superoxide dismutase and stress tolerance. Annual review of plant biology, 43, 83, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1146/annure....
61.
SIEFERMANN D., YAMAMOTO H.Y. Zeaxanthin epoxidation. Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 171, 70, 1975. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9... PMid:242274.
62.
HONG Y. et al. Gramine-induced oxidative damage. Aquatic Toxicology, 91, 262, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua... PMid:19131120.
63.
AMADO L.L., MONSERRAT J.M. Microcystins oxidative stress. Environment International, 36, 226, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envi... PMid:19962762.
64.
DONG B. et al. Aluminum effects on wheat. Chemosphere, 47, 87, 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-... PMid:11996140.
65.
XU Z. et al. Toxic effects of microplastics in plants. Science of the Total Environment, 833, 155097, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:35421496.
66.
LI L. et al. Uptake of microplastics in edible plant. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64, 928, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1360/N97201....
67.
ROY T., DEY T.K., JAMAL M. Microplastic toxicity in plants. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195, 27, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661... PMid:36279030 PMCid:PMC9589797.
68.
DAS A. Microplastics and systemic toxicity. Science of The Total Environment, 165076, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:37391150.
69.
LEE T.-Y. et al. Microplastics from shoe soles cause oxidative stress. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 429, 128306, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhaz... PMid:35101758.
70.
EKNER-GRZYB A. et al. Plants oxidative response to nanoplastic. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1027608, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2... PMid:36340372 PMCid:PMC9630848.
71.
YANG C., GAO X. Impact of mulch-film microplastics on rice. Science of The Total Environment, 828, 154579, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:35302020.
72.
LIAN J. et al. Polystyrene nanoplastics reduce lettuce growth. Environmental pollution, 280, 116978, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:33780844.
73.
AHAMMED G.J. et al. Vegetable crop responses to phenanthrene. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 80, 132, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoe... PMid:22401953.
74.
LODEYRO A.F. et al. Preventing ROS in salt-stressed tobacco. PLoS One, 11, e0159588, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:27441560 PMCid:PMC4956149.
75.
SJOLLEMA S.B. et al. Plastic particles affect microalgal photosynthesis? Aquatic toxicology, 170, 259, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqua... PMid:26675372.
76.
NOCTOR G. et al. ROS-related redox regulation in plants. Elsevier, 80, 3, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semc... PMid:28733165.
77.
FOYER C.H., NOCTOR G. Stress-triggered redox signalling. Plant, cell & environment, 39, 951, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12... PMid:26264148.
78.
NOCTOR G. et al. Metabolomics of oxidative stress. Phytochemistry, 112, 33, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phyt... PMid:25306398.
79.
COUÉE I. et al. Soluble sugars and oxidative stress. Journal of experimental botany, 57, 449, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/er... PMid:16397003.
80.
WAN Y. et al. Plastic contamination effects on soil cracking. Science of the Total Environment, 654, 576, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:30447596.
81.
RILLIG M.C. et al. Microplastic incorporation into soil. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 1805, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2... PMid:29093730 PMCid:PMC5651362.
82.
DE SOUZA MACHADO A.A. et al. Impacts of microplastics on the soil biophysical environment. Environmental science & technology, 52, 9656, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:30053368 PMCid:PMC6128618.
CITATIONS (4):
1.
Polypropylene microplastic exposure modulates multiple metabolic pathways in tobacco leaves, impacting lignin biosynthesis
Muhammad Arshad, Yaowu Ma, Weichang Gao, Shixiang Zhang, Muhammad Shoaib, Xinru Liu, Yingkai Fan, Gen Li, Huiyu Chuai, Ying Jiang, Jiaguo Jiao, Huijuan Zhang, Jun Wu, Feng Hu, Huixin Li
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Muhammad Arshad, Yaowu Ma, Weichang Gao, Shixiang Zhang, Muhammad Shoaib, Xinru Liu, Yingkai Fan, Gen Li, Huiyu Chuai, Ying Jiang, Jiaguo Jiao, Huijuan Zhang, Jun Wu, Feng Hu, Huixin Li
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
2.
Microplastic Uptake in Vegetables: Sources, Mechanisms, Transport and Food Safety
Zorana Srećkov, Zorica Mrkonjić, Mirjana Bojović, Olivera Nikolić, Danka Radić, Vesna Vasić
Toxics
Zorana Srećkov, Zorica Mrkonjić, Mirjana Bojović, Olivera Nikolić, Danka Radić, Vesna Vasić
Toxics
3.
Terrestrial Microplastic Pollution: Occurrence, Fate, and Ecological Effects on Soil Systems
Moayad Yacoub, Bangshuai Han
Microplastics
Moayad Yacoub, Bangshuai Han
Microplastics
4.
Food safety risks from soil-borne microplastics and antibiotic resistance across vegetable production and consumption pathways
Hariom Bhargava, Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan, Yogendra Singh
International Journal of Phytoremediation
Hariom Bhargava, Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan, Yogendra Singh
International Journal of Phytoremediation
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
