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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Insights into Non-Additive Type of Gene Action
for Grain Yield and Yield-Related Traits
in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
and its Breeding Implications
1
Wheat Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad
2
Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad
3
School of Food Science and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
4
Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University,
P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
5
EPCRS Excellence Center, Plant Pathology and Biotechnology Lab.;
Agriculture Botany Department Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr-el-sheikh University, 33516, Egypt
6
Mountain Agriculture Research Centre. Jaglote Gilgit Baltistan
7
National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre
(NARC), Park Road 45500, Islamabad, Pakistan
8
Crop Sciences Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad
Submission date: 2024-03-27
Final revision date: 2024-04-27
Acceptance date: 2024-06-29
Online publication date: 2024-12-31
Publication date: 2025-06-06
Corresponding author
Muhammad Jalal Hassan
Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad
Rice Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(4):4685-4698
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Line-by-tester combining ability analysis was carried out to investigate the heritable variations,
GCA and SCA variances for lines (seven), testers (three), line × tester F2 populations (21),
and inheritance of various morphological and yield traits in wheat. A randomized complete block design
with three replications was utilized. Emasculation and pollen dusting was done manually. Analysis of
variance revealed significant (p≤0.01) differences among all the studied parameters. Combining ability
analysis discovered that lines had significant differences for the flag leaf area and 1000-grain weight.
Testers were significant for 1000-grain weight and biological yield per plant. The ratio of variances due
to GCA and SCA was smaller than unity, while the degree of dominance was greater than unity, which
confirmed that all the traits were controlled by the non-additive gene effect. In proportional contribution,
F2 had the maximum share as compared to line and tester for five traits. For the flag leaf area, 1000-grain weight, the share of the parental line was leading as compared to testers and L × T interaction. Heritability
ranged from 0.68 to 0.97. Genetic gain values ranged from 1.65 to 8.83 g. Non-additive gene actions
indicated that the selection of promising populations in terms of morphological and yield traits should
be delayed until later segregating generations. Based on present findings, promising populations could
be used in future breeding programs to develop high-yielding wheat genotypes.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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