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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Mechanisms of Environmental Factors Influencing
CO2, CH4, and N2O Emissions under Intermittent
Irrigation in Coastal Rice Fields
of Northern Zhejiang, China
1
College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
2
Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary (Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design),
Hangzhou 310020, China
3
School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,
Zhengzhou 450045, China
Submission date: 2026-02-12
Final revision date: 2026-03-30
Acceptance date: 2026-06-30
Online publication date: 2026-09-02
Corresponding author
Yuanyuan Li
School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
School of Water Conservancy, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, China
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Environmental conditions significantly affect greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from rice paddies.
Using an open-path monitoring system, this study investigated methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2),
and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from intermittently irrigated coastal rice fields in northern Zhejiang,
China. The results revealed synchronized trends in air, soil, and rice canopy temperatures, all peaking
at the late tillering stage. Gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) showed
similar dynamics, with cumulative values of 850.51 and 294.36 g C/m2, respectively. Both GPP and
NEP showed linear positive correlations with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and a quadratic
relationship with vapor pressure deficit (VPD). CH4 emissions peaked at tillering, with daily fluxes
of 0.02-1.19 g/m2/d and a total of 27.05 g/m2. Positive linear correlations were observed between CH4
emissions and temperature as well as VPD, explaining 15.12-17.37% and 10.14% of CH4 variation,
respectively. The average N2O flux was 2.5281 μg·m-2·h-1, with higher cumulative fluxes during the
jointing and booting stages. These results clarify GHG emission characteristics in northern Zhejiang’s
rice fields and support the development of mitigation strategies.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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