About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed in...
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Instructions for Authors
Frequently Asked Questions
Editorial policies
PJOES Publication Policy Overview
PJOES Peer Review Policy
PJOES Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
PJOES Plagiarism Policy
PJOES Conflict of Interest Policy
PJOES Open Access Policy
PJOES Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Archive
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Middle-Stream Weir Gate Openings Partially
Neutralize the Impacts of Nutrients Over
Algal Primary Productivity in a Large
Managed River of South Korea
1
National Ecosystem Survey, National Institute of Ecology (NIE), Seocheon, 33657, Republic of Korea
Submission date: 2024-02-25
Final revision date: 2024-05-11
Acceptance date: 2024-07-24
Online publication date: 2024-12-18
Publication date: 2025-07-22
Corresponding author
Hong-Suk Koh
National Ecosystem Surveys and Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Maseomyeon Geumgang ro 1210, 33607, Seocheon, Korea (South)
National Ecosystem Surveys and Research Team, National Institute of Ecology, Maseomyeon Geumgang ro 1210, 33607, Seocheon, Korea (South)
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(5):5607-5625
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The influence of opening river weir gates on algal biomass – nutrient relationships on a large
scale has been understudied in the fluvial ecosystem. The 5 waterbodies (weir impoundments
and dam reservoirs) formed by 3 middle-stream weirs, 1 estuary dam, and 1 upstream dam, all of
which are in the same main stem of the third largest river (Geum River) in South Korea, were compared
quantitatively between the closed and opened periods of weir gates in chlorophyll a (Chl) responses
to total phosphorus (TP). Regardless of whether weir gates were opened or closed, weir impoundments
had a higher Chl:TP ratio than dam reservoirs did. However, the opened gate period, irrespective of
waterbody type, had a lower Chl:TP ratio than the closed gate period did. These results corroborated
that, after weir gate openings, algal biomass accruals were somewhat limited because of increases
in flow rates and reductions in hydraulic residence time, but a significant reduction in the Chl:TP ratio
was not displayed. Furthermore, the Chl:TP ratio differed among weir impoundments, likely because
of bottom topographical heterogeneity caused by declines in water levels. Long-term and periodic
monitoring of the algal responses to P varying with river hydrology as well as basin morphometry
is required to verify whether the possibility of algal biomass accruals following weir gate openings
has significantly become attenuated.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (65)
1.
PAERL H.W., OTTEN T.G., KUDELA R. Mitigating the expansion of harmful algal blooms across the freshwater-to-marine continuum. Environmental Science and Technology, 52 (10), 5519, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.es... PMid:29656639 PMCid:PMC6407083.
2.
CHO Y-C., KANG H-Y., SON J-Y., KANG T., IM J-K. The Spatiotemporal Eutrophication Status and Trends in the Paldang Reservoir, Republic of Korea. Sustainability, 16 (1), 373, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1601....
3.
CUNHA D.G.F., FINKLER N.R., LAMPARELLI M.C., CALIJURI M.C., DODDS W.K., CARLSON R.E. Characterizing Trophic State in Tropical/Subtropical Reservoirs: Deviations among Indexes in the Lower Latitudes. Environmental Management, 68 (2), 491, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267... PMid:34402965.
4.
STERNER R.W., ANDERSEN T., ELSER J.J., HESSEN D.O., HOOD J.M., MCCAULEY E., URABE J. Scale-dependent carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus seston stoichiometry in marine and freshwaters. Limnology and Oceanography, 53, 1169, 2008. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.200....
5.
JIN Y., YU R.Z., ZHANG Q., ZHANG M., LI Z., CAO L., WU L., HAO Y. Spatiotemporal variability of phytoplankton functional groups in a shallow eutrophic lake from cold, arid regions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 192 (371), 2010. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661... PMid:32415539.
6.
SABO R.D., CLARK C.M., GIBBS D.A., METSON G.S., TODD M.J., LEDUC S.D. Phosphorus inventory for the conterminous United States (2002-2012). Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 126 (4), e2020JG005684, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG... PMid:37089664 PMCid:PMC10116864.
7.
DILLON P.J., RIGLER F.H. The phosphorus-chlorophyll relationship in lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 19 (5), 767, 1974. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.197....
8.
CANFIELD D.E. Jr., BACHMANN R.W. Prediction of total phosphorus concentrations, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depths in natural and artificial lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 38 (4), 414, 1981. https://doi.org/10.1139/f81-05....
9.
SØNDERGAARD M., LAURIDSEN T.L., JOHANSSON L.S., JEPPESEN E. Nitrogen or Phosphorus Limitation in Lakes and Its Impact on Phytoplankton Biomass and Submerged Macrophyte Cover. Hydrobiologia, 795 (1), 35, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750....
10.
WU B., DAI C., WEN X., QIAN C., LUO F., XU J., WANG X., LI Y., XI Y. Chlorophyll-nutrient relationship changes with lake type, season and small-bodied zooplankton in a set of subtropical shallow lakes. Ecological Indicators, 135, 108571, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecol....
11.
RICHARDSON J., MILLER C., MABERLY S.C., TAYLOR P., GLOBEVNIK L., HUNTER P., JEPPESEN E., MISCHKE U., MOE S.J., PASZTALENIEC A., SØNDERGAARD M., CARVALHO L. Effects of multiple stressors on cyanobacteria abundance vary with lake type. Global Change Biology, 24 (11), 5044, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14... PMid:30005138.
12.
ESPINOSA C., ABRIL M., GUASCH H., POU N., PROIA L., RICART M., ORDEIX M., LLENAS L. Water Flow and Light Availability Influence on Intracellular Geosmin Production in River Biofilms. Frontiers in Microbiology, 10, 3002, 2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.... PMid:31993033 PMCid:PMC6971175.
13.
FERENCZ B., TOPOROWSKA M., DAWIDEK J. Role of hydrology in cyanobacterial blooms in the floodplain lakes. Water, 15 (8), 1547, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15081....
14.
KIM D., HONG S., CHOI H., CHOI B., KIM J., KHIM J.S., PARK H., SHIN K.H. Multimedia distributions, bioaccumulation, and trophic transfer of microcystins in the Geum River estuary, Korea. Environmental International, 133 (Part B), 105194, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envi... PMid:31675558.
16.
Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE). Land use cover classification [Map]. KMOE, Sejong, Korea, 2020.
17.
NOH J., CHOI H., LEE S. Water quality projection in the Geum River basin in Korea. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73 (4), 1745, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665....
18.
Korea Ministry of Construction and Transportation (KMOCT). Development of Flood Prediction Models for the Lower Reach of Geum River. 2006.
19.
JEONG Y.H., YANG J.S., PARK K. Changes in Water Quality After the Construction of an Estuary Dam in the Geum River Estuary Dam System, Korea. Journal of Coastal Research, 30 (6), 1278, 2014. https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOAST....
20.
National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). Water Environment Information System. https://water.nier.go.kr.
21.
KOH H-S. Using algal biomass-phosphorus (P) relationships to evaluate P water quality criteria. Chemistry and Ecology, 35 (5), 408, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/027575....
22.
Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE). Monitoring on weir gates openings of the four large rivers in Korea. 2022.
23.
Korean Ministry of Environment (KMOE). Standard methods for examination of water pollution. 2022.
24.
KARCHER O., FILSTRUP C., BRAUNS M., TASEVSKA O., PATCEVA S., HELLWIG N., WALZ A., FRANK K., MARKOVIC D. Chlorophyll a relationships with nutrients and temperature. Inland Waters, 10 (1), 29, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/204420....
25.
QUINLAN R., FILAZZOLA A., MAHDIYAN O., SHUVO A., BLAGRAVE K., EWINS C., MOSLENKO L., GRAY D.K., O’REILLY C.M., SHARMA S. Relationships of total phosphorus and chlorophyll in lakes worldwide. Limnology and Oceanography, 66 (2), 392, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11....
26.
CANFIELD Jr. D.E., BACHMANN R.W., HOYER M.V., JOHANSSON L.S., SØNDERGAARD M., JEPPESEN E. To measure chlorophyll or phytoplankton biovolume. Lake and Reservoir Management, 35 (2), 181, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1080/104023....
28.
MABERLY S.C., PITT J.A., DAVIES P.S., CARVALHO L. Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation and lake management. Inland Waters, 100, 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/204420....
29.
LEO G.D., SARDANELLI F. Statistical significance: p value, 0.05 threshold. European Radiology, 4, 1, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41747... PMid:32157489 PMCid:PMC7064671.
30.
JEONG Y-H., KWAK D-H. Influence of external loading and halocline on phosphorus release. International Journal of Sediment Research, 35 (2), 146, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsr....
31.
SPEARS B.M., CARVALHO L., DUDLEY B., MAY L. Variation in chlorophyll a to total phosphorus ratio. Journal of Environmental Management, 115 (201), 287, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv... PMid:23313907.
32.
ZHANG C., ZHANG W., HUANG Y., GAO X. Correlations of long-term seasonal water quality parameters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 6746, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356... PMid:28091992.
33.
JONES J.R., THORPE A.P., OBRECHT D.V. Limnological characteristics of Missouri reservoirs. Lake and Reservoir Management, 36 (4), 412, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/104023....
34.
SUN L., WU L., LIU X., HUANG W., ZHU D., WANG Z., GUAN R., LIU X. Reducing the risk of benthic algae outbreaks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20 (4), 3564, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph... PMid:36834257 PMCid:PMC9966353.
35.
BURROWS R.M., JONSSON M., FALTSTROM E., ANDERSSON J., SPONSELLER R.A. Interactive effects of light and nutrients on stream algal growth. Forest Ecology and Management, 492, 119212, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fore....
36.
DODDS W.K., SMITH V.H. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in streams. Inland Waters, 6 (2), 155, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-6.2....
37.
RODE M., TITTEL J., REINSTORF F., SCHUBERT M., KNOLLER K., GILFEDDER B. Seasonal variation and release of soluble reactive phosphorus. Hydrology and Earth System Science, 27 (6), 1261, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2....
38.
LEONARD R.L., KAPLAN L.A., ELDER J.F., COATS R.N., GOLDMAN C.R. Nutrient Transport in Surface Runoff from a Subalpine Watershed. Ecology and Monography, 49 (3), 281, 1979. https://doi.org/10.2307/194248....
39.
LEITE J.N.C., BECKER V. Impacts of drying and reflooding on water quality of a tropical semi-arid reservoir. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 31, e15, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-....
40.
SOBALLE D.M., KIMMEL B.L. A large-scale comparison of factors influencing phytoplankton abundance. Ecology, 68 (6), 1943, 1987. https://doi.org/10.2307/193988... PMid:29357178.
41.
VANNOTE R.L., MINSHALL G.W., CUMMINS K.W., SEDELL J.R., CUSHING C.E. The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37 (1), 130, 1980. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-01....
42.
HAMILTON D.P., MITCHELL S.F. Effects of wind on nitrogen, phosphorus, and chlorophyll in a small New Zealand lake. Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 23 (1), 624, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1080/036807....
43.
JONES J.R., DANIEL V.O., THORPE A.P. Chlorophyll maxima and chlorophyll: total phosphorus ratios in Missouri reservoirs. Lake and Reservoir Management, 27 (4), 321, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1080/074381....
44.
NIEMISTO J., LUND-HANSEN L.C. Instantaneous effects of sediment resuspension on inorganic and organic benthic nutrient fluxes at a shallow water coastal site in the Gulf of Finland, Baltic Sea. Estuaries and Coasts, 42, 2054, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237....
45.
CROSATO A., MOSSELMAN E. An integrated review of river bars for engineering, management and transdisciplinary research. Water, 12 (2), 596, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020....
46.
HORNE A.J., GOLDMAN C.R. Limnology, 2rd ed.; McGraw-Hill Book Co; New York, U.S.A., 576, 1994.
47.
National Institute of Ecology [NIE], National Biodiversity Survey, Sejong, Korea, 6, 2021.
48.
BENNETT M.G., SCHOFIELD K.A., LEE S.S., NORTON S.B. Response of chlorophyll a to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations in lotic ecosystems: a systematic review protocol. Systematic Review Protocol, 6 (18), 2017. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13750... PMid:31019679 PMCid:PMC6475917.
49.
XU T., YANG T., XIONG M. Time scales of external loading and spatial heterogeneity in nutrients chlorophyll a response: implication on eutrophication control in a large shallow lake. Ecological Engineering, 142, 105636, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecol....
50.
FILSTRUP C.T., DOWNING J.A. Relationship of chlorophyll to phosphorus and nitrogen in nutrient-rich lakes. Inland Waters, 7 (4), 385, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/204420....
51.
XU T., YANG T., ZHENG X., ZHENG L., QIN Y. Growth limitation status and its role in interpreting chlorophyll a response in large and shallow lakes: a case study in Lake Okeechobee. Journal of Environmental Management, 302 (Part A), 114071, 1989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv... PMid:34872184.
52.
GONZALEZ-MADINA L., PACHECO J.P., YEMA L. Drivers of cyanobacteria dominance, composition and nitrogen fixing behavior in a shallow lake with alternative regimes in time and space, Laguna del Sauce (Maldonado, Uruguay). Hydrobiologia, 829 (2), 61, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750....
53.
REDFIELD A.C. The Biological Control of Chemical Factors in the Environment. American Scientist, 46, 205, 1958.
54.
SAVIC R., STAJIC M., BLAGOJEVIC B., BEZDAN A., VRANESEVIC M., JOKANOVIC V.N., BAUMGERTEL A., KOVACIC M.B., HORVATINEC J., ONDRASEK G. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations and their ratios as indicators of water quality and eutrophication of the hydrosystem Danube–Tisza–Danube. Agriculture, 12, 935, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/agricu....
55.
CHA Y., ALAMEDDINE I., QIAN S.S., STOW C.A. A cross-scale view of N and P limitation using a Bayesian hierarchical model. Limnology and Oceanography, 61 (6), 2276, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10....
56.
ALLAN J.D., CAPPS K.A., CASTILLO M.M. Stream Ecology; Springer Nature; Switzerland, 485, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-....
57.
MAMUN M., LEE S.J., AN K.G. Roles of nutrient regime and N:P ratios on algal growth in 182 Korean agricultural reservoirs. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27 (3), 1175, 2018. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
58.
KIM J., JONES J.R., SEO D. Factors affecting harmful algal bloom occurrence in a river with regulated hydrology. Journal of Hydrology, 33, 100769, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh....
59.
KIM B., SA S-H., KIM M., LEE Y., KIM J-K. The limiting nutrient of eutrophication in reservoirs of Korea and the suggestion of a reinforced phosphorus standard for sewage treatment effluent. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality, 23 (4), 512, 2007.
60.
WANG H-J., LIANG X-M., JIANG P-H., WANG J., WU S-K., WANG H-Z. TN:TP ratio and planktivorous fish do not affect nutrient-chlorophyll relationships in shallow lakes. Freshwater Biology, 53 (5), 935, 2008. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365....
61.
BEUSEN A.H.W., BOUWMAN A.F., VAN BEEK L.P.H., MOGOLLON J.M., MIDDELBURG J.J. Global riverine N and P transport to ocean increased during the 20th century despite increased retention along the aquatic continuum. Biogeosciences, 13 (8), 2441, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-....
62.
ZHU L., SHI W., ZHOU J., YU J., KONG L., QIN B. Strong turbulence accelerates sediment nitrification-denitrification for nitrogen loss in shallow lakes. Science of the Total Environment, 761 (2), 143210, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:33158538.
63.
CHAO J-Y., ZHANG Y-M., KONG M., ZHUANG W., WANG L-M., SHAO K-Q., GAO G. Long-term moderate wind induced sediment resuspension meeting phosphorus demand of phytoplankton in the large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu. PLoS One, 12 (3), e0173477, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journa... PMid:28301502 PMCid:PMC5354371.
64.
SMITH V.H. Effects of eutrophication on maximum algal biomass in lake and river ecosystems. Inland Waters, 6 (2), 147, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5268/IW-6.2....
65.
HAMILTON D.P., MITCHELL S.F. Wave-induced shear stresses, plant nutrients and chlorophyll in seven shallow lakes. Freshwater Biology, 38 (1), 159, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
