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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Regional Differences in Effects of Foreign Trade
and FDI on Air Pollutant Emissions in China
1
School of International Studies, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
2
School of Foreign Studies, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
3
School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116
Submission date: 2024-02-21
Final revision date: 2024-03-28
Acceptance date: 2024-04-18
Online publication date: 2024-09-10
Publication date: 2025-01-28
Corresponding author
Yi-Wen Li
School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116
School of Economics and Management, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(3):2081-2094
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Based on the Chinese provincial panel data, this study focused on the regional differences in direct
and spillover effects of foreign trade and FDI on the SO2, PM2.5, and NOx emissions by using the spatial
Durbin model. As is revealed, the three air pollutants have positive spatial correlation shown by Moran’s
I indices. Increased FDI in a local province promotes the local air pollutants, but the spillover effect
is not clear. The foreign trade reduces air pollutants in the local province, and the spillover effect is
obvious. Increases in the trade dependent degree in adjacent provinces have reducing effects on the SO2
and NOx from the local province. The relationship between economic growth and the pollutants presents
an “inverse-N” shape, which does not conform to the EKC curve. Industrialization increases the levels
of pollutants and exerts an obviously positive spillover effect; the R&D intensity improves air quality
and has a negative spillover effect on local SO2. The energy efficiency reduces the three pollutants,
exerting a negative spillover effect on local SO2 and NOx; the traffic intensity increases the pollutants,
exerting a positive spillover effect on PM2.5. Relative policy recommendations are proposed according
to these findings.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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