The contamination of the ionic rare earth mine tailings has severe negative consequences on the surrounding ecology. But there still inadequate researches on the topic. Thereby, we sampled from the surface soil of paddy field in the valley downstream of an ionic rare earth in-situ leaching area and samples from the surrounding mining area as a control. We analyzed the distribution characteristics of rare earth in the surface soil of the downstream paddy field following in-situ leaching and discussed the ecological risks of leaching mining. The results showed that the rare earth content in the paddy field soil in the in situ leaching area was higher than that in the control area, which was 3.26 times the background value, and the rare earth content in the paddy field soil around the mining area was 2.10 times the background value. Except for the deficiency of La, the distribution of rare earth elements was consistent with the background value, and mining had little effect on the distribution of rare earth elements in paddy field. The geoaccumulation index method shows that the downstream paddy field soil is moderately polluted, and the potential ecological risk assessment shows that the rare earth elements in the surface soil of the paddy field in the in-situ leaching area show a strong potential ecological risk, and the specific risk is relatively strong.