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eISSN: 2083-5906
ISSN: 1230-1485
ISSN: 1230-1485
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatial Distribution, Source, and Formation
Mechanism of High-Fluoride Water around
Hot Springs: A Case from Wanshuihe
River in Northeast China
1
North China Institute of Science and Technology, Sanhe, Hebei, 065201, P.R. China
2
Liaoning Metallurgical Geological Exploration Research Institute Co., LTD, Anshan, 114038, PR China
Submission date: 2024-11-25
Final revision date: 2025-01-01
Acceptance date: 2025-03-17
Online publication date: 2025-04-22
Publication date: 2026-04-21
Corresponding author
Chunming Hao
North China Institute of Science and Technology, North China Institute of Science and Technology, 101601, Beijing, China
North China Institute of Science and Technology, North China Institute of Science and Technology, 101601, Beijing, China
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(2):2597-2608
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The spatial distribution and formation mechanisms of high-fluoride (F-) river water influenced by hot
springs and damming remain inadequately understood. Hence, 50 water samples, including 7 hot spring
samples, 11 groundwater samples, 4 surface runoff water samples, and 28 river water samples, were
collected to analyze the spatial distribution, hydrogeochemical behaviors, and formation mechanisms
related to elevated F- levels in river water around hot springs and damming using geochemical factor
analysis and classical statistical tools. In this study, F- concentrations in river water were inversely
proportional to the water flow distance and exceeded 1.00 mg/L when flowing through the Clear Water
Bay hot spring. The high-F- river water initially originated from the dissolution of hot spring historical
sediments containing large amounts of bearing-F- minerals. Moreover, Na+ on the surrounding sediments
exchanged with Ca2+, and a stronger competitive effect between more HCO3- generated through river
damming with F- facilitated greater release of F- desorption from sediments. This research will aid
in improving the understanding of the geochemical behavior of F- under hot springs development
and provide useful insights into the environmental safety of river water within the study area.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
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