ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatio-Temporal Variation of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution and Its Relationship with Land Fragmentation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area
Min An 1
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
,
 
 
 
More details
Hide details
1
College of Economics & Management, China Three Gorges University, No.8, University Avenue, Yichang, P.R. China
 
 
Submission date: 2024-07-11
 
 
Final revision date: 2024-10-31
 
 
Acceptance date: 2024-11-10
 
 
Online publication date: 2025-01-20
 
 
Publication date: 2026-01-29
 
 
Corresponding author
Xiaoyan Wang   

College of Economics & Management, China Three Gorges University, No.8, University Avenue, Yichang, P.R. China
 
 
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2026;35(1):59-74
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Agricultural non-point source pollution (AGNPS) threatens sustainable agricultural development; the impact of land fragmentation (LF) on AGNPS has been a concern for local managers. Based on agricultural production, livelihoods, and land use data from 2010 to 2020 in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGR), this paper first measured the sources of AGNPS emissions. Second, it constructed the evaluation index system of land fragmentation. Then, the paper explored the relationship and impact intensity of LF on AGNPS. The results showed that: (1) the TGR central region was the high-value area of AGNPS production, while pollution emissions showed a decreasing trend between 2010 and 2020. COD showed the largest decrease of 21.85%. (2) Land use index (LUI) and aggregation index (AI) are two indicators for evaluating LF. In Chongqing, the LUI value is higher in the main urban area, while the AI value around the main urban area is higher. (3) LUI was negatively correlated with pollutants, while AI was positively correlated. Among the contributions to COD, the share of LUI was 21%, and AI was 13.24%. The results can be used to analyze the situation of AGNPS and land fragmentation and provide targeted policy suggestions for AGNPS control.
REFERENCES (34)
1.
LYU J., HUANG Y., NIE Q., LU C., ZHANG Y., FU X., GUO P., LUO P. Spatiotemporal variations and risk characteristics of potential non-point source pollution driven by LUCC in the Loess Plateau Region, China. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11, 2023.
 
2.
LI X., TIAN H., LU C., PAN S. Four-century history of land transformation by humans in the United States (1630‑2020): annual and 1 km grid data for the HIStory of LAND changes (HISLAND‑US). Earth System Science Data, 15 (2), 1005, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-1....
 
3.
LU H., CHEN Y., HUAN H., DUAN N. Analyzing Cultivated Land Protection Behavior From the Perspective of Land Fragmentation and Farmland Transfer: Evidence From Farmers in Rural China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 901097, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.....
 
4.
XU B., NIU Y., ZHANG Y., CHEN Z., ZHANG L. China's agricultural non-point source pollution and green growth: interaction and spatial spillover. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29 (40), 60278, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356... PMid:35414158.
 
5.
WANG H., HE P., SHEN C., WU Z. Effect of irrigation amount and fertilization on agriculture non-point source pollution in the paddy field. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 26 (10), 10363, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356... PMid:30761497.
 
6.
LI X., SHANG J. Spatial interaction effects on the relationship between agricultural economic and planting non-point source pollution in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30 (18), 51607, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356... PMid:36810818.
 
7.
CHEN S., WANG J. An integrative analytical framework and evaluation system of water environment security in the context of agricultural non-point source perspective. Environmental Research Communications, 5 (1), 015009, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7....
 
8.
HUANG D., ZHU Y., YU Q. Spatial Spillover Effects of Agricultural Agglomeration on Agricultural Non‑Point Source Pollution in the Yangtze River Basin. Sustainability, 14 (24), 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/su1424....
 
9.
YAN B., CAO Q., YAN S., GAO Z., LIU D., LI Y. Analysis of Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Non‑Point Source Pollution in Liaoning Province. Water, 15 (16), 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15163....
 
10.
WANG H., FANG L., MAO H., CHEN S. Can e-commerce alleviate agricultural non-point source pollution? - A quasi-natural experiment based on China's E‑Commerce Demonstration City. Science of The Total Environment, 846, 157423, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit... PMid:35853527.
 
11.
TIAN Y., HUANG Z., XIAO W. Reductions in non-point source pollution through different management practices for an agricultural watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 22 (2), 184, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-... PMid:20397404.
 
12.
XU W., LIU L., ZHU S.-J., SUN A.-H., WANG H., DING Z.-Y. Identifying the critical areas and primary sources for agricultural non-point source pollution management of an emigrant town within the Three Gorges reservoir area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195 (5), 602, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661... PMid:37084027.
 
13.
LIN Q., CHENG Q., ZHONG J., LIN W. Can digital financial inclusion help reduce agricultural non-point source pollution? - An empirical analysis from China. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.....
 
14.
ZHOU J., LIU X., LIU X., WANG W., WANG L. Assessing agricultural non-point source pollution loads in typical basins of upper Yellow River by incorporating critical impacting factors. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 177, 17, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep....
 
15.
FENG Z.M., SUN T. A novel selective hybrid cation exchanger for low-concentration ammonia nitrogen removal from natural water and secondary wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 281, 295, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.....
 
16.
GHOLIZADEH M.H., MELESSE A.M., REDDI L. A Comprehensive Review on Water Quality Parameters Estimation Using Remote Sensing Techniques. Sensors, 16 (8), 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16081... PMid:27537896 PMCid:PMC5017463.
 
17.
LI Y., MA X. Impacts of land-use change on non-point source pollution load in Pingshan River Watershed in Shenzhen City. Water Resources Protection, 28 (02), 42, 2012.
 
18.
CAI C., LIU H., LI Y., WANG C., HOU M. Research on the Influence of Urban Land Use Structure and Pattern on Nitrogen, Phosphorus of Wetland Water Environment in Xianlin New Town of Nanjing. Environmental Science, 35 (08), 2920, 2014.
 
19.
ZHANG H., HISCOCK K.M. Modelling the effect of forest cover in mitigating nitrate contamination of groundwater: A case study of the Sherwood Sandstone aquifer in the East Midlands, UK. Journal of Hydrology, 399 (3-4), 212, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhyd....
 
20.
LI X., HE X., YANG G., LIU H., LONG A., CHEN F., LIU B., GU X. Land use/cover and landscape pattern changes in Manas River Basin based on remote sensing. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 13 (5), 141, 2020. https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ija....
 
21.
WANG M., QI W., WANG P., WANG Z. Relationship of landscape pattern and non-point source pollution in mountainous area of Eastern Shandong province. Journal of Natural Resources, 35 (12), 3007, 2020. https://doi.org/10.31497/zrzyx....
 
22.
CHEN T., LU J., LU T., YANG X., ZHONG Z., FENG H., WANG M., YIN J. Agricultural non-point source pollution and rural transformation in a plain river network: Insights from Jiaxing city, China. Environmental Pollution, 333, 121953, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envp... PMid:37307861.
 
23.
ZHANG M., WANG J., LI S., FENG D., CAO E. Dynamic changes in landscape pattern in a large-scale opencast coal mine area from 1986 to 2015: A complex network approach. Catena, 194, 104738, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cate....
 
24.
BREIMAN L. Random Forests. Machine Learning, 45 (1), 5, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010....
 
25.
HOU L., ZHOU Z., WANG R., LI J., DONG F., LIU J. Research on the Non-Point Source Pollution Characteristics of Important Drinking Water Sources. Water, 14 (2), 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14020....
 
26.
ZOU L.L., LIU Y.S., WANG Y.S., HU X.D. Assessment and analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution loads in China: 1978-2017. Journal of Environmental Management, 263, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv... PMid:32174536 PMCid:PMC9858329.
 
27.
CHEN W.J., HE B., NOVER D., DUAN W.L., LUO C., ZHAO K.Y., CHEN W. Spatiotemporal patterns and source attribution of nitrogen pollution in a typical headwater agricultural watershed in Southeastern China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25 (3), 2756, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356... PMid:29139077.
 
28.
KONG X., KONG F., LI Y., SUN J., ZHU W., HAN M. Assessment of coastal landscape fragmentation and its driving factors based on optimal scale: A case study of the Yellow River Delta, China. Ecological Indicators, 166, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecol....
 
29.
MEHMOOD K., ANEES S.A., REHMAN A., TARIQ A., LIU Q., MUHAMMAD S., RABBI F., PAN S.A., HATAMLEH W.A. Assessing forest cover changes and fragmentation in the Himalayan temperate region: implications for forest conservation and management. Journal of Forestry Research, 35 (1), 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676....
 
30.
ZHAO N., CHEN K., WU X., ZHANG L., WANG W. Cropland fragmentation change across China over the last two decades. Agricultural Systems, 218, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy....
 
31.
HERSE M.R., WITH K.A., BOYLE W.A. Grassland fragmentation affects declining tallgrass prairie birds most where large amounts of grassland remain. Landscape Ecology, 35 (12), 2791, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980....
 
32.
BU H., MENG W., ZHANG Y., WAN J. Relationships between land use patterns and water quality in the Taizi River basin, China. Ecological Indicators, 41, 187, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecol....
 
33.
ZHANG Y., ZHAO Y., ZHANG H., CAO J., CHEN J., SU C., CHEN Y. The Impact of Land-Use Composition and Landscape Pattern on Water Quality at Different Spatial Scales in the Dan River Basin, Qin Ling Mountains. Water, 15 (18), 3276, 2023. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15183....
 
34.
AN R. Optimal Design of Ecological Landscape Spatial Structure Based on Edge Computing of Internet of Things. Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing, 2022, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9....
 
eISSN:2083-5906
ISSN:1230-1485
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top