About the Journal
In Memory of Professor Jerzy Radecki
Editorial Office
Editorial Board
Scope
Impact Factor
Indexed in...
Journal Impact Factor contributing items
Contact
Subscription
Current issue
Online first
Notes to Authors
Frequently Asked Questions
Editorial policies
PJOES Publication Policy Overview
PJOES Peer Review Policy
PJOES Research Ethics and Malpractice Policy
PJOES Plagiarism Policy
PJOES Conflict of Interest Policy
PJOES Open Access Policy
PJOES Instructions for Reviewers
Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies Policy
Archive
ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Characteristics
of Population and Ecosystem Service Value at
the Township Level on the Tibetan Plateau
1
Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
2
College of Teacher Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
Submission date: 2024-06-18
Final revision date: 2024-08-20
Acceptance date: 2024-08-29
Online publication date: 2024-10-30
Publication date: 2025-11-04
Corresponding author
Xingchuan Gao
Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, No.818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, China
Department of Geography and Spatial Information Techniques, Ningbo University, No.818 Fenghua Road, 315211, Ningbo, China
Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 2025;34(6):6637-6651
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The Tibetan Plateau is distinguished by its significant ecosystem service value (ESV); however,
it is also characterized by a fragile natural environment, making it highly vulnerable to human
activities. This study utilized data on permanent populations and land use to quantitatively assess the
spatiotemporal dynamics and coordination between population distribution and ESV at the township
level on the Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to 2020. The findings reveal an increase in population numbers
and an uneven distribution, with concentrations in the Hehuang Valley, the valley area of “One River
and Two Tributaries” in Tibet, and the southeastern edge of the plateau. Influenced by rapid urbanization
in Hehuang Valley, the population gravity center shifted from a westward to a north-eastward direction.
Meanwhile, the ESV increased from 1,243.3 billion yuan to 1,481.17 billion yuan, although the per
capita ESV decreased. Additionally, the analysis showed a negative correlation between population and
ESV, albeit with an improved degree of coordination over time. These results offer valuable insights for
the development of national parks and sustainable strategies for the Tibetan Plateau.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
REFERENCES (46)
1.
XIE G., ZHANG C., ZHEN L., ZHANG L. Dynamic changes in the value of China's ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services, 26, 146, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecos....
2.
BRAAT L.C., DE GROOT R. The ecosystem services agenda: Bridging the worlds of natural science and economics, conservation and development, and public and private policy. Ecosystem Services, 1 (1), 4, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecos....
3.
COSTANZA R., D'ARGE R., DE GROOT R., FARBER S., GRASSO M., HANNON B., LIMBURG K., NAEEM S., O'NEILL R.V., PARUELO J., RASKIN R.G., SUTTON P., VAN DEN BELT M. The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253, 1997. https://doi.org/10.1038/387253....
4.
DOMINATI E., PATTERSON M., MACKAY A. A framework for classifying and quantifying the natural capital and ecosystem services of soils. Ecological Economics, 69 (9), 1858, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecol....
5.
XIAO H., SHENG S., REN Z., CHEN C., WANG Y. Does the culture service supply of green spaces match the demand of residents in a new district? A perspective from China. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 29 (5), 3395, 2020. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
6.
JIANG B., ZHANG L., OUYANG Z. Ecosystem services valuation of Qinghai Lake. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26 (10), 3137, 2015.
7.
OUYANG Z., ZHENG H., XIAO Y., POLASKY S., LIU J., XU W., WANG Q., ZHANG L., XIAO Y., RAO E., JIANG L., LU F., WANG X., YANG G., GONG S., WU B., ZENG Y., YANG W., DAILY G.C. Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital. Science, 352 (6292), 1455, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
8.
KUMAR P. The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity: Ecological and Economic Foundations. Routledge, London, 2011. https://doi.org/10.4324/978184....
9.
COSTANZA R., DE GROOT R., SUTTON P., VAN DER PLOEG S., ANDERSON S.J., KUBISZEWSKI I., FARBER S., TURNER R.K. Changes in the global value of ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 26, 152, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloe....
10.
COSTANZA R. Social goals and the valuation of ecosystem services. Ecosystems, 3 (1), 4, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021....
11.
DAILY G.C., SÖDERQVIST T., ANIYAR S., ARROW K., DASGUPTA P., EHRLICH P.R., FOLKE C., JANSSON A., JANSSSON B.O., KAUTSKY N., LEVIN S., LUBCHENCO J., MÄLER K.G., SIMPSON D., STARRETT D., TILMAN D., WALKER B. The value of nature and the nature of value. Science, 289 (5478), 395, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
12.
GAO X., SHEN J., HE W., ZHAO X., LI Z., HU W., WANG J., REN Y., ZHANG X. Spatial-temporal analysis of ecosystem services value and research on ecological compensation in Taihu Lake Basin of Jiangsu Province in China from 2005 to 2018. Journal of Cleaner Production, 317, 128241, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle....
13.
KAREIVA P., MARVIER M. Conserving biodiversity coldspots. American Scientist, 91 (4), 344, 2003. https://doi.org/10.1511/2003.4....
14.
NIU X., WANG B., LIU S., LIU C., WEI W., KAUPPI P.E. Economical assessment of forest ecosystem services in China: Characteristics and implications. Ecological Complexity, 11, 1, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoc....
15.
FU B., ZHANG L. Land-use change and ecosystem services: Concepts, methods and progress. Progress in Geography, 33 (4), 441, 2014.
16.
FAN X., LIU J., CHEN J., ZHAO L., HONG W. Changes of land use and functions of ecosystem service: A case study in China. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 28 (1), 73, 2019. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
17.
XIE G., LU C., LENG Y., ZHENG D., LI S. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Natural Resources, 18 (2), 189, 2003.
18.
XIE G., ZHANG C., ZHANG L., CHEN W., LI S. Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area. Journal of Natural Resources, 30 (8), 1243, 2015.
19.
GUO X., FANG C., MU X., CHEN D. Coupling and coordination analysis of urbanization and ecosystem service value in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Ecological Indicators, 137, 108782, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecol....
20.
XIAO R., LIN M., FEI X., LI Y., ZHANG Z., MENG Q. Exploring the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and ecosystem service value in the Shanghai-Hangzhou Bay Metropolitan Region. Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 119803, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle....
21.
RAHIM N.H., RAZAK S.A., CHANG X., CHNG SAUN F., KHAN M.N., HAMZAH S.N., ROHMAN F., ALI B., KAPLAN A., IQBAL M., RAMAZAN BOZHUYUK M., ERCIŞLI S. Ecosystem services by urban forest (UF) towards climate change adaptation: A review. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33 (4), 3503, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
22.
CHEN H. Complementing conventional environmental impact assessments of tourism with ecosystem service valuation: A case study of the Wulingyuan Scenic Area, China. Ecosystem Services, 43, 101100, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecos....
23.
HU M., WANG Y., XIA B., JIAO M., HUANG G. How to balance ecosystem services and economic benefits? A case study in the Pearl River Delta, China. Journal of Environmental Management, 271, 110917, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenv....
24.
FAN M., XIAO Y. Impacts of the grain for Green Program on the spatial pattern of land uses and ecosystem services in mountainous settlements in southwest China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 21, e00806, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecc....
25.
ZHANG X., YANG Y., PIAO S., BAO W., WANG S., WANG G., SUN H., LUO T., ZHANG Y., SHI P., LIANG E., SHEN M., WANG J., GAO Q., ZHANG Y., OUYANG H. Ecological change on the Tibetan Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 60 (32), 3048, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1360/N97201....
26.
LIU H., LIU S., WANG F., LIU Y., LIU Y., SUN J., MCCONKEY K.R., TRAN L.S.P., DONG Y., YU L., WANG Q. Identifying ecological compensation areas for ecosystem services degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Cleaner Production, 423, 138626, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle....
27.
CHEN X., WANG X., FENG X., ZHANG X., LUO G. Ecosystem service trade-off and synergy on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geographical Research, 10 (1), 18, 2021.
28.
GAO X., LI T., SUN D. Regional differentiation regularity and influencing factors of population change in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Chinese Geographical Science, 31 (5), 888, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769....
30.
LIU W., ZHENG J., WANG Z., LI R., WU T. A bibliometric review of ecological research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 1990-2019. Ecological Informatics, 64, 101337, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoi....
31.
TANG H., YANG C. Temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem service supply and demand in the Tibetan Plateau: Implications for land use patterns and relationships. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 33 (3), 2679, 2024. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
32.
ZHANG X., ZHENG Z., SUN S., WEN Y., CHEN H. Study on the driving factors of ecosystem service value under the dual influence of natural environment and human activities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 420, 138408, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle....
33.
GAO Q., MIAO Y., SONG J. Research progress on the sustainable development of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Geographical Research, 40 (1), 1, 2021.
34.
CHENG G., ZHAO L., LI R., WU X., SHENG Y., HU G., ZOU D., JIN H., LI X., WU Q. Characteristic, changes and impacts of permafrost on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Chinese Science Bulletin, 64 (27), 2783, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1360/TB-201....
35.
SILLS J., IMMERZEEL W.W., BIERKENS M.F.P. Asian water towers: More on monsoons-response. Science, 330 (6004), 585, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1126/scienc....
36.
CHEN D., WANG Y., WU D., FAN J. Regime of national park group based on protected area system in Tibetan Plateau. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 (2), 241, 2024.
37.
WU K., WANG D., LU H., LIU G. Temporal and spatial heterogeneity of land use, urbanization, and ecosystem service value in China: A national-scale analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 418, 137911, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcle....
38.
ROCES-DÍAZ J.V., VAYREDA J., BANQUÉ-CASANOVAS M., DÍAZ-VARELA E., BONET J.A., BROTONS L., DE-MIGUEL S., HERRANDO S., MARTÍNEZ-VILALTA J. The spatial level of analysis affects the patterns of forest ecosystem services supply and their relationships. Science of The Total Environment, 626, 1270, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
39.
ANSELIN L. Local indicators of spatial association - LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27 (2), 93, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538....
40.
KONG X., LU L., REN Y., JIANG W., LI D. Study on the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and coordination of population and ecosystem services value in central China. Resource Development & Market, 40 (2), 205, 2024.
41.
LI J., LU D., XU C., LI Y., CHEN M. Spatial heterogeneity and its changes of population on the two sides of Hu Line. Acta Geographica Sinica, 72 (1), 148, 2017.
42.
YANG S., ZHANG L., ZHU G. Effects of transport infrastructures and climate change on ecosystem services in the integrated transport corridor region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Science of The Total Environment, 885, 163961, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scit....
43.
WU J., WANG G., CHEN W., PAN S., ZENG J. Terrain gradient variations in the ecosystem services value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. Global Ecology and Conservation, 34, e02008, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecc....
44.
CHENG L., HUANG T., LIU Y. Analysis on evolution of ecosystem service value in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on improved value equivalent factors from 1992 to 2015. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 39 (3), 242, 2019.
45.
JIANG W., LÜ Y., LIU Y., GAO W. Ecosystem service value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau significantly increased during 25 years. Ecosystem Services, 44, 101146, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecos....
46.
WANG Y., YANG Y., LI J., ZHAO M., GONG H., WANG L., ZHAO L., HUANG M. Analysis on the change of ecosystem service value of national forest park and its coupling with social economy in the past 40 years. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 31 (2), 1377, 2022. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes....
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2083-5906 |
| ISSN: | 1230-1485 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
